WELCOME to Dental Anatomy and Tooth Morphology RESD 701/701L

Goals and Objectives: My goals - Your goals - To make learning fun! To be interactive! To keep you awake! Your goals - To learn and fun! To ask questions??? To stay awake!

Dental Anatomy and Morphology

Introduction and Nomenclature Classifications Eruption patterns Numbering systems General anatomical terms

Human dental classification Heterodont (different types of teeth) Diphyodont (two sets of teeth) Deciduous (primary) 20 teeth Permanent (adult/secondary) 32 teeth Mixed dentition: period including deciduous and permanent (6-12 yrs)

Introduction Arches: Quadrants (relative to the patient) Maxillary Mandibular Quadrants (relative to the patient) Maxillary right Maxillary left Mandibular right Mandibular left

Tooth Types Anterior teeth Posterior teeth Incisors Canines (cuspids) Premolars (bicuspids) Molars

Permanent Dentition (per quadrant) Incisors: 2 (central and lateral) Canine: 1 Premolars: 2 (first and second) Molars: 3 (first, second, third) Human Dental Formula: I C P M 2 1 2 3

Primary Dentition (per quadrant) Incisors: 2 (central and lateral) Canine: 1 Molars: 2 (first and second) Dental Formula: I C M Succedaneous teeth: permanent teeth that succeed/replace deciduous 2 1 2

Normal eruption sequence (Permanent Dentition) First to erupt: 1st molars (6 yr molars) Mandibular tooth precedes maxillary counterpart Mandibular eruption sequence: follows anterior to posterior order Maxillary eruption: anterior to posterior order, max canines erupt after premolars Know the eruption ages and sequences

1. Mandibular 1st molar 2. Maxillary 1st molar 3. Mandibular central incisor 4. Mandibular lateral incisor 5. Maxillary central incisor 6. Maxillary lateral incisor 7. Mandibular canine 8. Mandibular 1st premolar 9. Maxillary 1st premolar 10. Mandibular 2nd premolar 11. Maxillary 2nd premolar 12. Maxillary canine 13. Mandibular 2nd molar 14. Maxillary 2nd molar 6 - 7 6 - 7 6 - 7 7 - 8 7 - 8 8 - 9 9 - 10 10 - 11 10 - 11 11 - 12 11 - 12 11 - 12 11 - 13 12 - 13

Numbering systems Universal (1-32 and A-T) Federation Dentare Internationale (quadrant/tooth) Palmer notation (quadrant/tooth)

Universal Numbering System: Maxillary Permanent: 1 - 32 Primary: A - T Mandibular

Study Hints: Centrals: 8 • 9, 24 • 25 Canines: 6 • 11, 22 • 27 Premolars: 4 • 5, 12 • 13, 20 • 21, 28 • 29 Molars: 1 • 2 • 3, 14 • 15 • 16, 17 • 18 • 19, 30 • 31 • 32 First molars: 3 • 14 • 19 • 30

Universal Numbering System Maxillary Mandibular

FDI system: Federation Dentare Internationale 1 2 Maxillary Quadrants: 1, 2, 3, 4 (pedo: 5, 6, 7, 8) Teeth: 1 - 8 (pedo 1 - 5) e.g. 11, 41, 22, 73 Mandibular 4 3

Palmer system: Quadrants: symbol (+) to denote quadrants Teeth: 1 - 8 Pedo: A - E 8- 1 1 - 8 8- 1 1 - 8

General Dental Terminology

Outer covering of crown Hardest substance in body Dentin Enamel Outer covering of crown Hardest substance in body Dentin Main component of tooth Dentoenamel junction (DEJ) Cementum Outer covering of root Cementoenamel junction (CEJ) aka cervical line

Dental structures: Crown and root: Anatomical vs Clinical Anatomical crown: enamel Anatomical root: cementum Clinical crown: visible Clinical root: not visible

Internal structures: Pulp cavity: Pulp Chamber Canal Horns Blood vessels Nerves

Supporting structures: Alveolar process: bone which supports teeth Alveolus: tooth socket Periodontal ligament (PDL): fibers supporting tooth in alveolus Gingiva: soft tissue covering alveolar process (“gums”)

Tooth surfaces: Facial (labial, buccal) - “outside” surface Lingual (palatal) - “inside” surface Mesial - toward midline Distal - away from midline Incisal and occlusal - “top” chewing surface Gingival (cervical)

Nomenclature: Proximal: mesial or distal surfaces Interproximal: between two adjacent teeth Line angle: junction of two surfaces e.g occluso-lingual Point angle: junction of three surfaces e.g. mesio-linguo-occlusal

Line angle: Point angle: junction of two surfaces e.g occluso-lingual junction of three surfaces e.g. mesio-occluso-lingual

Thirds of Teeth: artificial divisions horizontally and vertically

For lab today…

LAB SEATING CHART 2015 2015

Control of the Dental Instrument: Hand Grasps

1. Pen Grasp

2. Modified Pen Grasp

3. Inverted Pen Grasp

4. Palm-Thumb Grasp

5. Finger Rests

6. Grasp stabilized with other hand

Lab Exercise: 1. Pen Grasp Materials: Wax instrument #1, wax, bunsen burner Project: Fill in stars and circles designs with wax

2. Modified Pen Grasp Materials: High-speed handpiece, Columbia typodont, high-speed bur Project: Occlusal “prep” on #32 centered on grooves, 1mm deep

3. Inverted Pen Grasp Materials: Slow-speed HP with contrangle, Columbia typodont, #557 bur Project: Prepare 2mm hole, 1mm deep in cingulum of #24 or 25

4. Palm-Thumb Grasp Materials: Slow-speed HP, straight sleeve, straight mandrel with wheel, tooth stub Project: Cut a 0.5 x 0.5 mm notch root of tooth stub

For Lab Tomorrow… (1 p.m. Nobel Lab) Video of waxing project

Any Questions???

OK… let’s go to lab