Oct. 17 Goal: Analyze reasons the U.S became involved in WWI QOD: Define Neutral Agenda: Reading on Neutrality Station Activity: Americans Mobilize

Why did it take so long for America to get involved in the war? America was isolationist “Why should I get involved in someone else’s problems” 2 2

Isolation Wilson Promised NO WAR Is isolationism really an option for a country as powerful as the United States? 3 3

What did it take to get the US involved? 1. Blockades Britain blockaded (stopped) all German ships going to America Germany announced a submarine war around Britain Y-53 German Submarine 1916 4 4

What did it take to get the US involved? 2. Sinking of the Lusitania Lusitania torpedoed, sinking with 1200 passengers and crew (including 128 Americans) Was eventually found to be carrying 4200 cases of ammunition German Propaganda Justifying Lusitania sinking 5 5

What did it take to get the US involved? 3. Propaganda The US sharply criticized Germany for their action Germany agreed not to sink passenger ships without warning in the future Note in Bottle After Lusitania Disaster 6 6

What did it take to get the US involved? 4. Unrestricted Submarine Warfare 1917 Germany announced “unrestricted submarine warfare” in the war zone 7 7

What did it take to get the US involved? 5. Zimmerman Note US intercepted a note from Germany to Mexico, It promised Texas, New Mexico, and Arizona back in return for an alliance 8 8

What did it take to get the US involved? Zimmerman Note + the sinking of 4 unarmed American ships led to a declaration of war 9 9

How was the war looking for the allies? Not Good... Russia left the war after its communist revolution in 1917 Made it a one front war for Germany - all its troops could concentrate on France 10 10

How do we get all of the people in the US involved? Total War Reading Station Activity

Convincing the American People Posters - Gee!! How do you think this poster helped to convince the American people that the war was a good idea? 12 12

How did the War Affect the US? Enforcing Loyalty Hatred of all things German Ex. “Liberty Cabbage” German potato salad gone off the shelves No one could learn German in schools Kids were teased 13 13

What did the US do to help? Supplies: US provided the food, money, and fresh troops needed to win the war American Troops March Through London 14 14

Convincing the American People Idealism: 2 Goals For War: 1. War to End All Wars 2. Making the World Safe for Democracy 15 15

How did the War Affect the US? Women Women filled factory jobs May have led 19th Amendment after the war (Gave women the right to vote) African Americans Black soldiers still served in Segregated Units “Great Migration” - thousands of African Americans moved North to work in factories 16 16

US Support of the War Consumption US Food Administration wanted Americans to reduce consumption of key food items Conservation-Liberty Gardens, “Liberty Cabbage” Meatless Mondays Wheatless Wednesday

Purchasing War Bonds

Joining the Military

Working

22 22

Espionage Act 1918 It originally prohibited any attempt to interfere with military operations, to support U.S. enemies during wartime, to promote insubordination in the military, or to interfere with military recruitment. The constitutionality of the law, its relationship to free speech, and the meaning of the law's language have been contested in court ever since. obtaining or delivering information relating to "national defense" to a person who was not "entitled to have it" (Spying)

Sedition Act of 1918 Forbade the use of "disloyal, profane, scurrilous, or abusive language" about the United States government, its flag, or its armed forces or that caused others to view the American government or its institutions with contempt. Those convicted under the act generally received sentences of imprisonment for 5 to 20 years. Both acts resulted in more than a thousand convictions

Results of World War I Political Cost Human Cost Economic Cost Treaty of Versailles Making Peace

Human Cost 8.5 million died in battle 2xs that wounded 6-13 million civilians dead Over 20 million die of flu worldwide

Economic Costs Homes, farms, factories, roads, churches need to be rebuilt Rebuilding costs money that countries don’t have plus many have to pay off war debts So blame Germany and have them pay reparations to all TOTAL COSTS: Great Britain $55 billion, France $50 billion, Russia $25 billion, Germany $60 billion, Austria-Hungary $25 billion

Political Costs Govts collapsed in Russia, Germany, A-H, and Ottoman Empire Radicals try to rule and communism spreads Colonial troops returned home with cynical views of Europeans Imperial powers were no longer seen as invicible African and Asian colonies found hope for independence from European control

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nV13zOio0Pk

Paris Peace Conference and League of Nations Allies met @ Paris without Central Powers and Russia Great Britain, France, US, Italy – each with own demands and interests Issues concerned countries wanting own control, who to blame, keeping peace Wilson of USA has 14 Points and is willing to compromise in order to get the League of Nations for world security

Treaty of Versailles June 1919 Signed by “big 3” and Germany New countries formed like Austria, Hungary, Czechoslovakia…independence for Latvia, Lithuania, Estonia (Baltic Sea countries) Creation of the League of Nations (No USA) Punished Germany: Pay others $ = reparations Take all blame for the war Limit military Give back land taken No more colonies