Chapter Nineteen: Waste

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Presentation transcript:

Chapter Nineteen: Waste

Section One: Solid Waste The Generation of Waste Solid Waste: any discarded solid material Americans generate 10 billion metric tons per yer Towns are running out of space to dispose of waste The average person generates 4.4 pounds per day Human population growth and waste growth decrease the amount of available land

Section One: Solid Waste Not All Wastes Are Equal Biodegradable: a material that can be broken down by biological processes Ex: Plant and animal matter Ex: Products made from natural materials like newspapers, cotton, and leather Plastics Nonbiodegradable Made of petroleum and natural gas Some may last for hundreds of years

Section One: Solid Waste Types of Solid Waste Municipal Solid Waste Waste produced by households and businesses Makes up 2 percent of solid wastes Fastest growing waste Solid Waste from Manufacturing, Mining, and Agriculture Makes up 98 percent of solid waste Scrap metal, plastics, paper, sludge, ash

Section One: Solid Waste Solid Waste Management Landfills: a permanent waste disposal facility where wastes are put in the ground and covered each day with a layer of soil, plastic, or both Methane: a highly flammable gas that can cause explosions Gets into ground and into basements of homes Leachate: a liquid that has passed through compacted solid waste in a landfill May contain chemicals Can get into groundwater and cause pollution

Section One: Solid Waste Solid Waste Management Safeguarding Landfills Resource Conservation and Recovery Act: any new landfills built must have safeguards to reduce pollution Line the bottoms with plastic or clay to prevent pollution Building More Landfills Not much available space We fill the landfill faster than the material can degrade Incinerators Large machines that burn solid waste Alternative to landfills Causes air pollution by burning dangerous materials

Section Two: Reducing Solid Waste Source reduction: any change in design, manufacture, purchase, or use of materials or products to reduce their toxicity before they become waste Buying Less Buy products that have less packaging Buying reusable materials Buying materials that last longer Lasting longer Manufacturers could make material that last longer

Section Two: Reducing Solid Waste Recycling The process of reusing materials and recovering valuable materials from waste or scrap Saves water, energy, and resources Materials must be sorted by type Compost: a dark brown, crumbly material made from decomposed plant and animal matter that is spread in gardens and fields to enrich the soil

Section Two: Reducing Solid Waste Changing the Materials We Use Use products that are made or recyclables or that can be recycled Degradable Plastics Plastics that break down more easily and quickly Green plastics: plastics made from living things like plant sugars Only makes the plastic pieces smaller, but the harmful materials are still there

Section Three: Hazardous Waste Any waste that is a risk to the health of humans or other living things Types Can be solid, liquid, or gas Can be toxic, corrosive, or explosive Chemicals used for cleaning Lubricants to help machines run Nuclear waste

Section Three: Hazardous Waste Resource Conservation and Recovery Act Requires producers of hazardous waste to keep records of how their wastes are handled from the time the waste are created to the time they are placed in a disposal facility Producer has all legal responsibility for the waste The Superfund Act Gives the EPA the right to sue owners of hazardous waste sites who illegally dump waste

Section Three: Hazardous Waste Hazardous Waste Management Preventing Hazardous Waste Produce less Find a way to reuse it Conversion into Nonhazardous Substances Treatment to make wastes less hazardous Can be treated biologically Land Disposal Most hazardous waste is disposed on land Buried underground in barrels Deep-well injection: wastes are pumped deep into the ground where they are absorbed into a dry layer of rock below the water label Surface impoundment: a pond that has a sealed bottom Water evaporates and wastes do not

Section Three: Hazardous Waste Hazardous Waste Management Biologically Treated Hazardous Waste Some wastes can be absorbed or broken down Some toxicity can be reduced when treated with biological and chemical agents Bacteria can break down some hazardous waste Incinerating Hazardous Waste Some disposed through burning Most expensive waste disposal Ash must be buried in landfills Exporting Hazardous Waste Many were sent to other states Some sent to other countries

Section Three: Hazardous Waste Hazardous Wastes at Home Chemicals such as paint, pesticides, and batteries Disposing of Household Hazardous Waste Some cities have collection sites Some cities recycle the materials Motor Oil Turn used old oil into auto service station for recycling