Fowl cholera Presented:A.A.Abed

Fowl cholera is a highly contagious disease of domestic and wild birds Fowl cholera is a highly contagious disease of domestic and wild birds. Characterized by Sudden death.

Pasteurella multocida Etiology Pasteurella multocida

Gram-negative, non-spore-forming, rod shaped bi polar Bacteria Morphology Gram-negative, non-spore-forming, rod shaped bi polar Bacteria

Capsular antigens Somatic antigens Serotyping 5 serogroup A,B,D,,F A,B,D,E,F 5 serogroup A,B,D,,F Capsular antigens 1−16 Somatic antigens 16 serogroup

Epidemiology Attack many kinds of birds as like as: Fowl,Turkey,Duck,Geese,wild bird,water fowl. Turkey are more sensitive than each others.Some domestic mammals are olso susceptible

Epidemiology cont Morbidity:10-80 Mortality:turkey →68 duck→50 poultry→15-50 Age: older than 16 w in layer 4-5 w in broiler Season:autumn and winter

Pathogenesis Enterance: 1-URT mucosal membrane 2-conjunctiva 3-cutaneous wounds Incubation period:4-9 days

Pathogenesis cont 1. start of acute septicemia with coagulopaties 2.production of endotoxin →oedema , haemorrhagia ,shock,sudden deaths 3.bacteraemia→spreading to lung 4.influencing factors →1- crowding, 2-clima,3-concurrent infection 4-nutrition,5- biosecurity, 6-injury and stress

Transmission 1.Direct contact or aerosol (excretes) source → latently infected or chronic sick birds location of infection → URT and nasal cavity 2.Indirectly → personnel and equipment, vectors →pigs, cattle, cats, wild birds, rodents, insects Incubation period→4-9 days

Clinical signs high morbidity and mortality, depression, fever Acute course – sudden death, mortality to 50 % →12-24h Sub acute course →24-48h high morbidity and mortality, depression, fever discharge from beak and nostrils anorexia, diarrhoea(yellow→Green),accelerated breathing dyspnea, cyanosis of comb and wattles in ducks-natatory movement

Clinical signs cont Chronic course Failure of growth and developement of body Drop in egg production Swelling of wattles, sinuses Swelling of joints, foot pad, sternal bursa Torticolis Dermal necrosis in turkey Granulomatous dermatitis in pigeons and birds of prey

In the chronic form of fowl cholera, suppurative lesions may be found in a variety of locations. In this broiler breeder, severe swelling of the infraorbital sinuses may found on external examination .

Post mortem findings Acute form Sub acute form Petechia to ecchymosis on serosis and mucous membrane exsudative pneumonia Sub acute form Petechia to ecchymosis in intestine, heart,lungs exsudate in pericard and body cavity swollen liver, coagulative necrosis(corn meal liver) in turkey → frequently exsudative pneumonia In turkey → flaccid, puckered a hyperemic follicle on ovary

Fowl cholera. Small areas of necrosis in the liver (corn meal liver)

hyperemic flaccid follicles

Hemorrhage in heart muscle Haemorrhages in intestine (different extent)

Post mortem findings chronic form Wattle form, artritis, osteomyelitis Exsudative serositis sinusitis

The foot has been incised to show a caseous exudate .

Diagnosis 1.history, sings and lesions 2.bacteriology 3.indentification by using biochemical test 4.now is available PCR test 5.bipolar microorganismus by bluedomethylene staining 6.Serology AGID or ELISA, better for evaluation of vaccine response

Bacteriology Bluedomethylene,lichman,gimsa staining→bipolar bacteria Heart and livers blood Culture in : dextrose starch agar +5%serum Morphology on D.S.A: 1- Fluorescent→high virolent 2-sectored colony→mild 3-blue or slightly fluorescent→low 4-non fluorescent→non pathogene MUSSY ODOR

Diferential diagnosis 1.Infectious coryza 2.Fowl typhoid 3.Fowl plague(avian flu) 4.Duck plaque(duck herpes virus 1) 5.Otherpaseurellas(p.haemol itica,p.gallinarm)

1-Wild birds 2-Rodents 3-cat.dog,pigs,… 4-Vaccination Prevention 1-Wild birds 2-Rodents 3-cat.dog,pigs,… 4-Vaccination

Vccination 1 -live attenuated 2-in activated : razi institute A: 1 Best→(-):1,3,4 Age : 8-10 and 18-20 w In poultry →IM In turkey →DW

2-Semisynthetic penicillins 3-Tertracyclines 4-Erythromycin Teatment 1-Sulfa drugs 2-Semisynthetic penicillins 3-Tertracyclines 4-Erythromycin

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