The Respiratory System https://www. youtube. com/watch

Respiratory System Lungs: Provide the body with oxygen Eliminate carbon dioxide from blood Respiratory Tract: Passageways through which air moves in and out of the lungs Muscles: Move air into and out of lungs

Anatomy of the Lungs Pleura: outside of the lungs Moist, double layer of membrane Help make lung movement easier by protecting lungs and providing moisture Outer layer: parietal pleura Inner layer: Visceral pleura Space between the two layers: pleural cavity Both the pleura and parietal pleura help make lung movement easier by protecting the lungs and providing the moisture that allows movement.

Right Lung: three lobes Left Lung: two lobes Anatomy of the Lungs Lobes of the Lung: Right Lung: three lobes Left Lung: two lobes Humans can function with one or more lobes removed, as its necessary sometimes with people with lung cancer.

Respiration The Respiratory System performs 2 major task: External Respiration: (breathing) the exchange of oxygen from the air around us into our lungs and the removal of carbon dioxide from the lungs via the respiratory tracts. Internal Respiration: the exchange of oxygen from the alveoli in the lungs to the bloodstream and all other cells of the body during inspiration, and the movement of carbon dioxide (CO2) External Respiration: (breathing) the exchange of oxygen from the air around us into our lungs and the removal of carbon dioxide from the lungs via the respiratory tracts. Internal Respiration: the exchange of oxygen from the alveoli in the lungs to the bloodstream and all other cells of the body during inspiration, and the movement of carbon dioxide (CO2)

External Respiration External Respiration involves 2 actions: Inhalation- Breathing in Exhalation- Breathing out We breath in air that is about 21% oxygen. When we breath in the diaphragm contracts by flattening and the intercostal muscle raises the ribs. When we exhale the diaphragm relaxes and the ribs lower causing air to rush out.

Structures of the Respiratory Tract Nose/Mouth: where air enters the body. The lining in the nose helps stop dust particles and pathogens , if these things enter the lungs there is a higher chance of infection Nose/Mouth: where air enters the body. The lining in the nose helps stop dust particles and pathogens , if these things enter the lungs there is a higher chance of infection *the mouth is where air enters when the nose is blocked.

Structures of the Respiratory Tract Pharynx (throat)- the membrane-lined cavity behind the nose and mouth, connecting them to the larynx. 3 sections of the pharynx: Nasopharynx- above the soft palate. Oroppharynx- back portion of the mouth Hypopharynx- bottom section of the pharynx Conn

Structures of the Respiratory Tract Esophagus: Actually part of the digestive system. There is a movable flap of cartilage called the Epiglottis that covers the opening to the larynx to prevent food from going in your larynx. Occasionally a person may swallow and inhale at the same time. This causes some food to be pulled into the larynx and is known as aspiration.

A- Nasal Cavity B- Pharynx C- Oral Cavity D- Epiglottis E- Trachea (windpipe) White tube (not listed) is the Esophagus

Structures of the Respiratory Tract Larynx (voice box): place where air passes to the trachea or windpipe. The area that contains vocal cords and where the sound of speech and singing are produced. Trachea (windpipe): tube that connects the larynx to the right and left bronchi. Trachea is a cartilage tube with cartilage bands that you can actually feel

Bronchi Passageway in which air inters the lungs. They divide and get smaller until it reaches their smallest size called bronchioles.

Internal Respiration Alveoli are tiny air-filled sacs arranged in clusters in the lungs, in which the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide takes place. Alveoli connect small blood vessels, known as capillaries, in the lungs. Oxygen is exchanged between alveoli and capillaries.

Internal Respiration Carbon dioxide is sent from the capillaries into the alveoli. Oxygen is then delivered to the body's other cells during this phase of respiration. Carbon dioxide is expelled back up through the respiratory tract during exhalation.

Animation!!

Diseases and Disorders Because this system can be exposed to foreign material coming in from the outside, it can often become inflamed or infected When part of the respiratory system becomes inflamed, we usually name the disease by naming the area inflamed and adding the suffix -itis

Asthma Bronchial airway obstruction Causes sudden breathing difficulty accompanied by wheezing and coughing Attack may be caused by allergy, infection or anxiety

Bronchitis Inflammation of the bronchi Increase of secretion from mucus membranes of the bronchi Chronic Bronchitis: Occurs over a long period of time RESULT: secretions obstruct breathing CAUSES: allergies, dust, infections, pollution

Emphysema Often affects the elderly, especially adults who smoke heavily and those with asthma or chronic bronchitis. Unable to exhale the full amount of air from their lungs Causes carbon dioxide to build up and damage to the alveoli Breathing becomes difficult-shortness of breath

Upper Respiratory Infection Viral infection of part or all of the upper respiratory tract More commonly known as the common cold Highly contagious Sneezing, watery eyes, sore throat, cough No cure Bed rest, cold medicines

Influenza Also known as the flu Occurs suddenly, caused by a virus Induces fever, chills, body aches, sore throat and fatigue

Lung Cancer Leading cause of cancer death in both males and females Caused by exposure to carcinogens (smoke from cigarettes) Early stages-no symptoms Later stages-hemoptysis (bloody sputum), dyspnea (shortness of breath), weight loss and chest pain

Pneumonia Inflammation and infection of the lungs Often affects bedridden, elderly and frail people

Tuberculosis Highly infectious disease Caused by a bacteria called bacilli Invades the lungs and causes small swellings and inflammation

Jobs and Professions Pulmonologist: Physicians who are specially trained to treat diseases and conditions of the chest. Respiratory Therapist: Work with patients with breathing or other cardiopulmonary disorders. Pulmonary Technician: care for patients with lung related problems. Conduct function test and treat patients under physicians orders.

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Any disease that causes chronic obstruction of the bronchial tubes and lungs Chronic bronchitis, emphysema

Muscles for Breathing Contractions enlarge the volume of the thoracic cavity during inspiration and decrease the volume during expiration Major muscles involved: Diaphragm Intercostals Animation!!

Hemoptysis Coughing up of blood in the lungs or bronchial tubes Can occur with chronic lung diseases Tuberculosis, lung cancer, trauma

Anthracosis Black lung Caused by coal dust in the lungs Threat to coal miners

Epistaxis (nosebleed) Results from trauma, rupture of a blood vessel in the nose First aid includes having the client remain calm and lean their head slightly forward Pinch nostrils toward the nasal septum Apply cold compress to bridge of nose Seek medical attention if bleeding continues

Pleurisy Inflammation of the pleura Causes sharp, stabbing pain while breathing, dyspnea, fever and grating sounds in the lungs when breathing (crepitation)

Affects Diseases have on breathing Bradypnea: slow breathing Tachypnea: fast breathing Hypopnea: shallow breathing Hyperpnea: abnormally deep breathing

Affects Diseases have on breathing Dyspnea: difficulty breathing Apnea: inability to breathe Orthopnea: difficulty in breathing, especially when lying down

Affects Diseases have on breathing Cheyne-Stokes respiration: irregular breathing pattern Apnea Followed by deep, labored breathing Then becomes shallow Returns to apnea Can indicate impending death