Globalization

Movement: (5 themes!) Through movement we connect all of our world together. This is called globalization! When we are interdependent on each other for our economy, culture, politics, socialization, and technology.

Globalization The increasing interconnectedness of different parts of the world through common processes of economic, political, & cultural change. The economic, cultural, & environmental effects of globalization are highly contested. Panama, 1997

Scale… from global to local. Scale of the world is shrinking… globalization. Globalization of economy led by transnational corporations.

Why can transnational corporations exist???? Modern technology provides the ability to Move money easily Move materials easily Move and sell finished products easily. ** Space-Time Compression is the reduction in time it takes for something to reach another place. (related to distance decay) Transnational corporations remain competitive by identifying the optimal location for all of their activities…

Global income is more than $31 trillion a year, but 1 Global income is more than $31 trillion a year, but 1.2 billion people of the world's population earn less than $1 a day. 80% of the global population earns only 20% of global income, and within many countries there is a large gap between rich and poor. The 3 billion people living in the 24 developing countries that increased their integration into the world economy enjoyed an average 5% growth rate in income per capita, longer life expectancy and better schooling. Two billion people, living in countries in sub-Saharan Africa, the Middle East, and the former Soviet Union, have been unable to increase their integration into the world economy, and their economies have contracted, poverty has risen, and education levels have risen less rapidly than in the more globalised countries.

Sea level rise, warming temperatures, uncertain effects on forest and agricultural systems, and increased variability and volatility in weather patterns are expected to have a significant and disproportionate impact in the developing world, where the world's poor remain most susceptible to the potential damages and uncertainties inherent in a changing climate. The digital and information revolution has changed the way the world learns, communicates, does business and treats illnesses. In 2002, there were 364 people per 1000 using the internet in high income countries, while there were only 10 per 1000 in low income countries. Source: The World Bank, 2004, http://www.worldbank.org/ United Nations Development Programme, 2004 http://www.undp.org/

Time-Space Compression & Distance Decay Transportation & communication technologies have altered distance decay Time-Space Compression explains how quickly innovations diffuse & refers to how interlinked 2 places are through transportation & communication technologies Describes the reduction in time it takes for something to reach another place Promotes rapid change – better connections between people  diffusion!

Time-space compression often refers to technologies that seem to accelerate or elide spatial and temporal distances, including technologies of communication (telegraph, telephones, fax machines, Internet), travel (rail, cars, trains, jets) and economics (the need to overcome spatial barriers, open up new markets, speed up production cycles, and reduce the turn-over time of capital). The process of coming closer together and more in contact with each other, even though the real distance remains the same. Time- space compression is reducing perceived distance, which is the friction of distance thought by humans not the actual distance on the land. Time-space compression is a term used to describe processes that seem to accelerate the experience of time and reduce the significance of distance during a given historical moment. Time-space compression often refers to technologies that seem to accelerate or elide spatial and temporal distances, including technologies of communication, travel and economics. Examples of time-space compression technologies, travel, and economics: * Telegraph, Telephone, Fax Machine, Internet * Rail, Cars, Trains, Jets * The need to overcome spatial barriers, open up new markets, speed up production cycles, and reduce the turnover time

Friction of Distance Increase in time & cost that usually comes with increasing distance (unit 6)

Regionalism v Globalism? Has globalization created a loss of regional distinctiveness & culture?

Is globalization a good thing, a bad thing, or a combination of both?