Health and Health Care for Blacks in the United States January 2017

Blacks account for 13% of the population in the United States. 2015: About 35 million people living in the U.S. are Black, making up 1 in 8 of the population. 2045: Blacks are projected to account for about 51 million people living in the U.S. SOURCE: Kaiser Family Foundation analysis of March 2016 Current Population Survey, Annual Social and Economic Supplement, U.S. Census Bureau, Projections of the Population by Sex, Hispanic Origin, and Race for the United States 2015 to 2060. http://www.census.gov/population/projections/data/national/2014/summarytables.html.

Blacks make up a greater share of the population in the South, where most states have not expanded Medicaid. Share of total population that is Black by state, 2015 WA OR WY UT TX SD OK ND NM NV NE MT LA KS ID HI CO CA AR AZ AK WI WV VA TN SC OH NC MO MS MN MI KY IA IN IL GA FL AL VT PA NY NJ NH MA ME DC CT DE RI MD ≤ 4% (18 states) 5-15% (20 states) ≥ 16% (12 states, including DC) No Medicaid Expansion (19 states) NOTE: States outlined in orange have not expanded Medicaid. Population estimates for Maine are N/A due to high relative standard errors. SOURCE: Kaiser Family Foundation analysis of March 2016 Current Population Survey, Annual Social and Economic Supplement.

Nonelderly Blacks are younger, more likely to be poor, and less likely to have a full-time worker in the family compared to Whites. *Indicates statistically significant difference from the White population at the p<0.05 level. NOTE: Whites are non-Hispanic. Includes nonelderly individuals 0-64 years of age. SOURCE: Kaiser Family Foundation analysis of March 2016 Current Population Survey, Annual Social and Economic Supplement

Birth Rate per 1,000 among Teen Girls There have been large improvements in some health measures for Blacks, but they still fare worse than Whites. Age-Adjusted HIV Diagnosis Rate per 100,000 among Teens and Adults, 2008-2014 Birth Rate per 1,000 among Teen Girls Ages 15-19, 1991-2015 Notes: Includes non-Hispanic Blacks. HIV diagnoses rates for ages 13 and older. Birth rate for 1991 excludes data for New Hampshire. Source: Kaiser Family Foundation analysis of Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention (NCHHSTP) Atlas, 2014 and Hamilton BE, Mathews T.J., “Continued declines in teen births in the United States, 2015,” NCHS data brief, no 259. Hyattsville, MD: National Center for Health Statistics, September 2016, http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/databriefs/db259.pdf

Nonelderly Black adults also face disparities in other health measures compared to their White counterparts. Health status and selected health conditions among nonelderly adults *Indicates statistically significant difference from White population at the p<0.05 level. NOTE: Whites are non-Hispanic. Includes nonelderly individuals 18-64 years of age. SOURCE: Kaiser Family Foundation analysis of CDC, National Health Interview Survey, 2015, Kaiser Family Foundation analysis of CDC, Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, 2015.

Additionally, Blacks are more likely to face other challenges that affect health and access to care. SOURCES: U.S. Census Bureau, Educational Attainment in the United States, 2015. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service, Household Food Security in the United states in 2015. Child Trends, Neighborhood Safety in 2011/12, Updated May 2013, http://www.childtrends.org/?indicators=neighborhood-safety.

The uninsured rate for Blacks declined after the ACA, but they still are more likely than Whites to be uninsured. Uninsured Rate Among Nonelderly Individuals, 2013-2015 Note: Includes nonelderly individuals 0-64 years of age. Source: Kaiser Family Foundation analysis of March 2013-2016 Current Population Survey, Annual Social and Economic Supplement.

Medicaid is a key source of coverage for Blacks, particularly among children. Nonelderly Adults Children *Indicates statistically significant difference from White population at the p<0.05 level. SOURCE: Kaiser Family Foundation of March 2016 Current Population Survey, Annual Social and Economic Supplement.