HMXB, ULX and star formation Marat Gilfanov Hans-Jakob Grimm & Rashid Sunyaev

Topics compact sources in young & old stellar systems relation to star formation and stellar mass of the host galaxy X-ray binaries (low & high mass) and ULX Marat Gilfanov

Evolutionary time scales HMXB t~106-107 years ~ duration of star formation event Star formation tracer LMXB t~109-1010 years ~ live time of the host galaxy Stellar mass tracer Marat Gilfanov

HMXB distribution and spiral arms Milky Way galaxy face-on view Lx~2-3 1039 erg/s LMXB:HMXB~10:1 M*/SFR~1-2 1011 years HMXB distribution and spiral arms Marat Gilfanov

Nearby galaxies Observed by Chandra high SFR galaxies -> HMXB ellipticals, bulges of spirals -> LMXB Milky Way Magellanic Clouds Marat Gilfanov

High mass X-ray binaries (ULX in young stellar systems) Marat Gilfanov

HMXB in nearby galaxies X-ray luminosity functions: SFR~0.15-7 Msun/yr Marat Gilfanov

HMXB in nearby galaxies X-ray luminosity functions scaled to the same SFR SFR~0.15-7 Msun/yr Marat Gilfanov

Universal luminosity function of HMXBs constant shape, normalization ~ SFR cut-off @ few 1040 erg/s no strong non-linear effects Marat Gilfanov

HMXB XLF: differential form Marat Gilfanov

Universal XLF of HMXBs ULX Galactic NS, Be binaries … Cyg X-1 Cyg X-3 V4641 Sgr (peak) Eddington limit for a neutron star Marat Gilfanov

ULX and HMXB ~featureless power law smooth extension of ordinary HMXB population a completely different population – unlikely high M, high Mdot (low probability) tail of ordinary HMXBs ? Marat Gilfanov

HMXB & ULX in distant galaxies unresolved -> total Lx only Hubble Deep Field North z~0.2-1.3 SFR~4-200 Msun/year Lx-SFR relation XLF parameters Marat Gilfanov

Expected Lx-SFR relation XLF, number of sources ~ SFR ” i.e. total Lx ~ SFR Wrong! Marat Gilfanov

Expected Lx-SFR relation Lx – total luminosity of discrete sources – 1,2,3…not 0.5 - does not work non-linear Lx-SFR relation @low Lx and SFR Marat Gilfanov

Expected Lx-SFR relation power law luminosity distribution 1<a<2 total LX is defined by a few brightest sources number of sources total Lx Marat Gilfanov

Predicted Lx-SFR relation high SFR LX,brightest =LX,cut-off linear regime low SFR LX,brightest increases with SFR non-linearly non-linear regime Marat Gilfanov

Mode and expectation mean of statistical distribution Lx-SFR relation mode – most probable value probability distribution of total Lx P(Lx,tot) expectation mean Marat Gilfanov

Observed Lx-SFR relation Marat Gilfanov

Lx-SFR: observed vs predicted Marat Gilfanov

Predicted Lx-SFR relation Linear part – direct consequence of cut-off in LF Large and asymmetric dispersion in the non-linear regime XLF parameters Many astrophysical applications Marat Gilfanov

Cut-off in the luminosity function Marat Gilfanov

ULX @ large redshift (z~1) Not significantly more luminous than in nearby galaxies Marat Gilfanov

Intermediate mass black holes ??? Luminosity function Lx-SFR relation Marat Gilfanov

Low mass X-ray binaries (ULX in old stellar systems) Marat Gilfanov

LMXB in nearby galaxies X-ray luminosity functions: Stellar mass range: 109-3x1011 Msun Marat Gilfanov

LMXB in nearby galaxies X-ray luminosity functions: scaled to the same mass Stellar mass range: 109-3x1011 Msun Marat Gilfanov

LMXB in nearby galaxies X-ray luminosity functions: scaled to the same mass, averaged Stellar mass range: 109-3x1011 Msun Marat Gilfanov

Universal luminosity function of LMXB complex but ~constant shape normalization ~ mass cut-off @ ~few x1039 erg/s Marat Gilfanov

total X-ray luminosity Lx-mass relation number of sources total X-ray luminosity Nx~16 src per 1010Msun Lx~9x1038 erg/s per 1010Msun Marat Gilfanov

X-ray & NIR growth curves - NGC1316 number of sources total luminosity Marat Gilfanov

High and low mass X-ray binaries in the galaxies (ULX in young & old stellar systems) Summary Marat Gilfanov

HMXB & LMXB luminosity functions different slopes of XLF for HMXB and LMXB different accretion regimes Ultra luminous X-ray sources no true ULX among LMXBs at present Marat Gilfanov

M101 – bulge and disk population Marat Gilfanov

Conclusions HMXB population ~ SFR (upto z~1) ~22 src (>1037 erg/s), ~7x1039 erg/s per 1 Msun/yr LMXB population ~ stellar mass ~16 src (>1037 erg/s), ~9x1038 erg/s per 1010 Msun ~universal X-ray luminosity functions different for LMXB and HMXB Marat Gilfanov

Conclusions Majority of ULXs - members of the same population as ordinary HMXBs ULXs @ z~1 are not significantly brighter No true ULXs in old stellar systems (LMXBs) Marat Gilfanov

Conclusions (cont’d) Statistics of small numbers -> non-linear effects unrelated to the physics of e.g. star formation Lx~SFR Many astrophysical applications Lx~SFR1.7 Marat Gilfanov

The End Marat Gilfanov