The power of combined knowledge Association of universities in the Netherlands Josephine Scholten, Executive Director of VSNU 30 May , 2016

In the heart of the seat of government [Foto: © Maurice Haak, Den Haag] Photo: © Maurice Haak

Close to political leaders and decision-makers [Foto: © Martijn Beekman, Den Haag]

The 14 Dutch universities combine their forces [Foto: © VSNU, Den Haag]

In daily consultation with government, business and social organisations [Foto: Stock]

The VSNU promotes a knowledge intensive society [Foto: © masterfile.com]

With top quality education and research world ranking [Foto: Shutterstock]

SHOW IT LOBBY Collective Internal/ self External/ government Balance sheet Gender diversity Increase autonomy International branding/positioning Open Access Transparency, annual report Collective labour agreement Academic achievement Internal/ self External/ government X Teaching agenda Nader in te vullen Non Collective

The Netherlands 17 million inhabitants ± 4hr GDP: € 653 billion 41,543 km2 Oppervlakte: 41.543 km2 Reistijd van Noord naar Zuid: ± 3 uur en 53 minuten Aantal inwoners: 17 miljoen (medio maart 2016) Bruto nationaal product: € 653 miljoen In 2014 was het Bruto Binnenlands product €663 miljard. De totale baten van de door het rijk bekostigde universiteiten (de 18) waren in 2014 €6.373 miljoen. Deze ratio in procenten is 1,0%, al zegt de verhouding op zich niet alles: een (toenemend) deel van de universitaire baten is afkomstig uit het buitenland, bijv. collegegelden van buitenlandse studenten en bijdragen vanuit de EU.

The Netherlands vs Europe Denmark 5,617,345 253 billion € 45,600 42,916 km2 The Netherlands vs Europe The Netherlands 16,829,289 663 billion € 39,300 41,543 km2 Germany 80,767,463 2821 billion € 34,400 357,168 km2 Belgium 11,203,992 420 billion € 36,000 30,528 km2 Switzerland 8,139,631 516 billion € 63,800 41,285 km2 Europe 506,880,616 13.920 billion € 27,300 4,324,782 km2

The Dutch universities Tilburg University Erasmus University Rotterdam Leiden University Maastricht University Radboud University Nijmegen University of Amsterdam University of Groningen Utrecht University VU University Amsterdam Comprehensive

The Dutch universities Erasmus University Rotterdam Leiden University Radboud University Nijmegen University of Amsterdam University of Groningen Utrecht University VU University Amsterdam Comprehensive Medical, liason with umc Maastricht University

The Dutch universities Comprehensive Medical, liason with umc Technology Life sciences, health and environment Lifelong learning Delft University of Technology University of Twente Eindhoven University of Technology Wageningen University Open University of the Netherlands

The unique features of the Dutch universities Education and research closely interwoven • Treefold mission: education, research and knowledge valorisation/transfer • All universities offer undergraduate and postgraduate degree programmes

The unique features of the Dutch universities World class achievements • All universities figure in top 300 rankings (top 2%) • High publication output and citation impact • Internationally attractive degree programmes

The unique features of the Dutch universities Strongly anchored in society • ‘triple helix’ / golden triangle: government, business and universities • Connected with regional economic infrastructure • Great international reach

The unique features of the Dutch universities Networked universities • Geografic advantage: physical distance between universities • High quality infrastructure • Cooperative environment / open culture

The Dutch system for higher education PhD Participants Master Master UAS Bachelor (446.000) Uni. Bachelor (253.000) MBO-4 (246.000) MBO-3 (133.000) VWO HAVO VMBO A two-track (binary) system BAO

Research universities Mission: academic education, research and knowledge valorization. Education and research closely interwoven. All research universities offer outstanding undergraduate and graduate degree programs: bachelors – masters – PhDs. All Dutch research universities are placed in the major worldwide rankings making them part of the top-2% of the world. Large number of publications with high impact (citations).

Universities of applied sciences Mission: higher professional education and applied research with a strong orientation towards professional practice. All Universities of Applied Sciences offer high quality bachelor and master programs. Every study program is based on a professional profile, established in close cooperation with the employers of the relevant field. Research at Universities of Applied Sciences has high societal impact, is demand-driven and in cooperation with different stakeholders: SMEs, business and the public sector.

Universities in numbers (2015) Universities of applied sciences Research Universities Number of institutions 37 14 Bachelor-students 430.481 159.754 Master-students 12.117 98.011 International students 26.487 36.711 Total Staff (persons) 45.838 47.869* Research staff 4.003 15.216 PostDoc n/a 3.621 PhD 836** 8.456 * Excluding medical staff ** Employed by UAS. Under supervision of the Research Uni. as they have the ius promovendi. Definition International student: - Student who did not enrol previously in a Dutch programme and do not have the Dutch nationality. Source: VSNU & VH, 1CijferHO2015 & WOPI2015

VSNU organisation chart 14 Universities Board Bureau (30fte)

Communications & Public Affairs Our domains Communications & Public Affairs Education Research HR Finance Accountability & Governance International

Challenges

Current events / hot topics in the NL Educational trilemma Quality assurance as indicator of high or low trust Attracting and accommodating international students Career perspectives for (young) researchers Lack of sufficient funding for universities / R&D National research agenda Effects of cooperation / mergers

Balancing the educational trilemma Quality Accessibility Degree completion rate While: Increasing number of students (258.054 students in 2015) Ever decreasing financial means per student Info over decreasing financial means per student: http://www.vsnu.nl/f_c_prijs_per_student.html

Quality assurance The Netherlands puts strong emphasis on assuring the high quality of its higher education. This is done by a combination of: Institutional quality assurance Independent quality assurance: Accreditation Organisation of the Netherlands and Flanders (NVAO), responsible for: Programme accreditation & institutional audit: to ensure quality standards (revised every 6 years). Note: Call for institutional accreditation not supported by Parliament [Foto: © Maurice Haak, Den Haag]

Attracting and accommodating international students Definition International student: - Student who did not enrol previously in a Dutch programme and do not have the Dutch nationality. Source: VSNU, 1CijferHO2015

Research universities show most growth Definition International student: - Student who did not enrol previously in a Dutch programme and do not have the Dutch nationality. Source: VSNU, 1CijferHO2015

And pre-enrolment # of bachelor students is challenging From Dutch students approximately 70% of the students enrols. From International students approximately 45% of the students enrols. Source: VSNU, 1CijferHO2015

Programmes in English are main attraction Definition International student: Student who did not enrol previously in a Dutch programme and do not have the Dutch nationality. NB: Universities ordered by the percentage of international students (percentage between brackets) Source: Study portals http://www.studyportals.com/intelligence/english-taught-masters-programs-in-europe/

Origin of international students in the Netherlands (2015) Number of students  Definition International student: Student who did not enrol previously in a Dutch programme and do not have the Dutch nationality. NB: International students from both hbo (UAS) and wo (Uni.). Source: VSNU & VH, 1CijferHO2015

Origin of international students at research universities in the Netherlands (2015) Definition International student: Student who did not enrol previously in a Dutch programme and do not have the Dutch nationality. NB: International students from both hbo and wo. Source: VSNU & VH, 1CijferHO2015

Composition of research staff in fte (31/12/2014) Dutch European Non-European Total Full professor 2.113 356 59 2.529 Senior Lecturer 1.677 336 84 2.097 Lecturer 3.160 997 382 4.539 Teacher 2.069 220 92 2.381 Researcher 1.857 1.150 740 3.747 Other research staff 108 142 137 387 PhD candidate 4.346 2.115 1.699 8.160 15.330 5.317 3.194 23.841 Source: VSNU, WOPI2015; Excluding medical staff.

The lobby for more Research funding

Funding and staff can not keep up with student numbers

Income universities 2010 - 2014 -Bron: OCW/DUO based on financial statements universities -Zwaartekracht/gravity programme: 51 million per year -H2020 20167/2017 China offers 28 million to promote participation of China based researchers in H2020 - Government contributions = lumpsum + geoormerkte posten als zwaartekracht-projecten en geestenwetenschappen. Source: Financial statements 14 universities (x € mln.)

Impressive achievements…. but low investment in R&D Recent studies show that the prognosis for the coming years is a further decline of public investments compared to the growing GDP. Source: Eurostat, OECD. Based on definitions: BERD and GBAORD.

From topsectors (2011) to National Research Agenda Top sector policy (2011 onwards): New innovation policy by Ministry of Economic Affairs. Focus on 9 strong economic sectors to realize ‘triple helix’ ideal. (Food, water, health, high tech etc.) Accompanied by heavy budget cuts and a lot of bureaucracy “Research vision 2025: choices for the future”(2014): High ambitions: maximizing research talent maximizing impact of research maximizing excellent research position but so far no extra budget • Agro & Food; Chemistry; Creative Industry; Energy; High Tech Systems and materials; Life Sciences & Health; Logistics; Horticulture and Propagating Stock; Water 275 million out of 600 million of NWO is for top sectors, less funding for free science and fundamental science. Social Science and Humanities role in this?

National Research Agenda inspired by German, Danish and Flemish examples Aims: To link existing agenda’s (EU H2020, top-sectors, university focus areas) and societal and economic challenges To increase cooperation, multi-disciplinarity and strengthen axis fundamental, curiosity-driven and applied research. To strengthen Dutch research profile internationally To increase private and public support investments Bottom up process / strong involvement of general public Over 12000 “research questions” collected via www.wetenschapsagenda.nl: a treasury of research questions -Knowledge coalition (VSNU, VNO, MKB, VH, TO2, NFU, VH, KNAW and NWO) -Spankracht

High on the university agenda from 2005 onwards Science 2.0: Open Access High on the university agenda from 2005 onwards Green or gold? Government ambitions (November 2013): 2016: 60% OA, all Dutch publications OA in 2024 Negotiations with publishers by VSNU on behalf of all universities, “No new (big) deals without meaningful steps to OA” Tough negotiations but quite succesfull due to joint efforts We need Europe and other countries like China High on university agenda: Berlin declaration: October 2003 start Experiments with APC-funds (article processing charge or publication fee) Green: put manuscript in (university) digital repository – free accessible database (possible in all Dutch universities) Gold: publicatiosn are made open access via publishers website International activities (EUA etc) – LERU support – Dutch Chairmanship EU first half year 2016 Government ambitions (november 2013): All publications OA! 60% in 2018, 100% in 2024. Deliberate choice for “gold”. No extra money (unlike UK after Finch) Dutch advantage: negotiations with all universities and medical centres together. New: Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO) will add open access as one of the criteria for funding applications.

Mergers prove difficult, and cooperation on content fruitful Institutional mergers (research universities with UAS) have shown many difficulties Previous engagements being reversed (Amsterdam examples) Cooperation on subjects have potential Cyber Security Academy (Leiden University, Delft University of Technology and The Hague University of Applied Sciences), Academy of Arts (Leiden University and the Royal Academy of Art) Academic programmes for primary education. University of applied sciences working together with a research university. High on university agenda: Berlin declaration: October 2003 start Experiments with APC-funds (article processing charge or publication fee) Green: put manuscript in (university) digital repository – free accessible database (possible in all Dutch universities) Gold: publicatiosn are made open access via publishers website International activities (EUA etc) – LERU support – Dutch Chairmanship EU first half year 2016 Government ambitions (november 2013): All publications OA! 60% in 2018, 100% in 2024. Deliberate choice for “gold”. No extra money (unlike UK after Finch) Dutch advantage: negotiations with all universities and medical centres together. New: Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO) will add open access as one of the criteria for funding applications.

Thank you for your attention Questions?

Rankings position Dutch universities ARWU World Top 500 (2015) THES World Top 800 (2015) QS World Top 900 (2015) Leiden Top 750 PP(top 10%) (2014) Utrecht University 56 62 94 77 University of Groningen 75 74 100 120 Leiden University 82 67 95 53 VU University Amsterdam 98 154 176 64 Radboud University Nijmegen 101-150 125 177 97 University of Amsterdam 58 55 81 Wageningen University 47 135 93 Erasmus University Rotterdam 151-200 71 126 85 Delft University of Technology 201-300 65 148 Maastricht University 88 169 110 Eindhoven University of Technology 301-400 117 University of Twente 149 188 102 Tilburg University * 201-250 293 252 Open University * Sorted by position on the ARWU ranking and alphabetical order Source: VSNU (2015)

THE Ranking in Europe 2016 Source: Timeshighereducation.com/best-universities-in-europe-2016