Unit 6 Section 2 The New Deal US History Unit 6 Section 2 The New Deal

Timeline 1933 - 1939

New Deal

The name of FDR’s campaign promise to restore the U.S. economy Made up of individual policies and laws that spent tax money to assist people getting back to work Relief, Reform, Recovery New Deal

Bank holiday

Bank holiday Executive order to close all banks for a few days Designed to give the banks a chance to recover from the mass withdrawals people were making Banks were not allowed to reopen until they were found to be financially sound Bank holiday

Fireside Chats

Radio addresses made by Franklin D Roosevelt to reassure the American people that everything would be fine Fireside Chats

Leaving the Gold Standard

Leaving the Gold Standard The gold standard is when the value of currency (money) is tied to the value of gold Ex. – 20 dollars = 1 ounce of gold Most countries of the world departed the gold standard in 1931 The U.S. departed the gold standard in 1933 The U.S. would still allow the public to exchange money for gold until 1971 Leaving the Gold Standard

New Monetary Policy

New Monetary Policy Monetary policy refers to the government’s ability to control how much money is in the economy - or the nation’s money supply. The U.S. now uses paper money (fiat money), in order to expand the money supply and stimulate the economy.

Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC)

Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) An organization that insured each individual bank deposit up to $5,000 Increased trust in banks so people would not take their money out This allowed banks to distribute money to increase the economy Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC)

Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC)

Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) Regulates companies that sell stocks and bonds This protected investors and guarded against stock fraud Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC)

Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA)

Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA)

Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) Built dams in the Tennessee valley to control flooding Used hydroelectric power to establish power to the region for the first time Became self-sufficient through the prices collected for the electricity produced Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA)

Social Security Act

1935 Unemployment insurance for workers losing jobs Pensions to retired workers over 65 years of age Payments to the disabled, the elderly, widows and children. Social Security Act

Agricultural Adjustment Administration (AAA)

Agriculture Adjustment Administration (AAA) Paid farmers to reduce their output of corn, cotton, dairy products, hogs, tobacco, wheat, and other commodities This was needed to raise the price of crops and meat Increased the profits farmers made allowing them to buy more items Much of it was found to be unconstitutional by the Supreme Court in United States v. Butler Agriculture Adjustment Administration (AAA)

National Recovery Administration

National Recovery Administration 1933 – suspended anti- trust laws, but also protected workers Cooperation between government and business 1935 - declared unconstitutional by Supreme Court National Recovery Administration

Court Packing Plan

FDR moved to reform the Supreme Court by appointing a new member for each current member that was over 70 years old Was meant to shake up the Court because they were finding New Deal legislation unconstitutional Impact – reinforced checks and balances Court Packing Plan

Social Security Act and National Labor Relations Act

Social Security Act and National Labor Relations Act Both of these acts were found to be constitutional Votes occurred after the Court Packing incident Social Security Act and National Labor Relations Act

Dust bowl

Dust bowl

Dust Bowl

A 50 million acre area in the Great Plains where the top soil was blown away by high winds in drought conditions Sand filled the skies, forcing hundreds of thousands from their homes. It covered fields, houses, cars, and made its way into everything Changes in farming and planting trees helped the situation Dust bowl

Works Progress Administration (WPA)

Works Progress Administration (WPA)

Works Progress Administration (WPA)

Works Progress Administration (WPA)

Works Progress Administration (WPA)

Works Progress Administration (WPA) New Deal program that paid artists, actors, musicians, and writers to produce work for the common people Also included public works projects like libraries and roads The works of art were placed in public places Plays were performed at free or reduced costs Works Progress Administration (WPA)

Photographs Arts Program of W.P.A. Commissioned by the Works Progress Administration and Farm Security Administration to document the down side of the Great Depression

Dorothea Lange

Art Arts Program of W.P.A. Art was commissioned by the Works Progress Administration and Federal Arts Project used to decorate public buildings

Theatre The Works Progress Administration and Federal Theatre Project put on plays for little to no cost during the depression. Arts Program of W.P.A.

Over Roosevelt’s Rainbow.. Somewhere it is not Kansas during the Dust Bowl Technicolor Future I’ll never go hungry again.

Dorothea Lange

Dorothea Lange Had polio as a child Hired by the U.S. government to photograph effects of Depression (WPA) Compassion for poor and destitute Photos captured the suffering of many Americans. Dorothea Lange

Dorothea Lange

Dorothea Lange

John Steinbeck

John Steinbeck One of the great American authors Wrote about the plight of farmers in Grapes of Wrath and Of Mice and Men Vivid imagery from his works help you understand what the era was like I’ll be there… John Steinbeck

Grant Wood

Grant Wood

Artist that painted one of the best known works in American history “American Gothic” Shows much symbolism for the time period Grant Wood

Questions?

Chapter 16 Quiz 1. Explain what the Gold Standard was? 2. Describe the impact that the Dust Bowl had on Ordinary Americans. 3. Identify what Franklin Roosevelt's New Deal programs were. 4. Explain the impact of the Works Progress Administration (WPA). 5. Describe the new Monetary policy. 6. Why were Fireside Chats important to Americans? 7. Explain what packing the court was.