Dissociative and Somatoform Disorders PSY 436 Instructor: Emily Bullock Yowell, Ph.D.

Dissociative Disorder Dissociative Disorder: Disruption or dissociation of the functions of identity, memory, or consciousness that normally make us whole. Disturbance may be sudden, gradual, transient, or chronic Types of Dissociative Disorders Dissociative Identity Disorder Dissociative Amnesia Dissociative Fugue Depersonalization Disorder Dissociative Disorder NOS

Dissociative Identity Disorder DID Diagnostic Criteria The presence of two or more distinct identities or personality states At least two of these identities recurrently take control of the person’s behavior Inability to recall important personal information that is too extensive to be explained by ordinary forgetfulness Not due to substance effects or general medical condition

Dissociative Amnesia Dissociative Amnesia Diagnostic Criteria One or more episodes of inability to recall important personal information, usually of a traumatic or stressful nature, that is too extensive to be explained by ordinary forgetfulness Does not occur exclusively during the course of DID, Dissociative Fugue, PTSD, Acute Stress Do, or Somatization Disorder. Not due to substance or general medical condition Causes significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning

Dissociative Fugue Dissociative Fugue Diagnostic Criteria The predominant disturbance is sudden, unexpected travel away from home or one’s customary place of work, with inability to recall one’s past Confusion about personal identity or assumption of a new identity Does not occur exclusively during the course of DID and not due to a substance or general medical condition Causes significant distress or impairment in important areas of functioning

Depersonalization Disorder Depersonalization Disorder Diagnostic Criteria Persistent or recurrent experiences of feeling detached from and as if one is an outside observer of, one’s mental processes or body During the experience, reality testing remains intact Causes significant distress or impairment in important areas of functioning Does not occur exclusively during the course of another mental disorder. Not due to a substance or general medical condition

Somatoform Disorders Physical symptoms suggestive of physical disorders but no organic abnormalities can fully account for them Types of Somatoform Disorders Somatization Disorder Undifferentiated Somatoform Disorder Conversion Disorder Pain Disorder Hypochondriasis Body Dysmorphic Disorder Somatoform Disorder NOS

Somatoform Disorders Somatization Disorder: (hysteria) polysymptomatic disorder that begins before age 30, extends over a period of years, and is characterized by a combination of pain, gastrointestinal, sexual, and pseudoneurological symptoms Undifferentiated Somatoform Disorder: unexplained physical complaints, lasting for at least 6 months, that are below the threshold for a diagnosis of Somatization Disorder

Somatoform Disorders Conversion Disorder: unexplained symptoms or deficits affecting voluntary motor or sensory function that suggest a neurological or other general medical condition. Psychological factors are judged to be associated with the symptoms Body Dysmorphic Disorder: preoccupation with an imagined or exaggerated defect in physical appearance