Alcohol Abuse During Pregnancy by Sonia Donaires Principal of Health Behavior Concordia University Nebraska Dr. Kimberly Brodie June 23, 2015

Introduction In the USA the prevalence of women 18-44 years alcohol use during pregnancy reported 52.5% of use of any use of alcohol composition. Binge drinker among women of childbearing age reported 17.2% in one or more drinks during the last 30 days. The purpose of this program is: Reduce the prevalence of alcohol abuse during pregnancy Reduce the birth of children with Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FADS). Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2013, January 11). Vital signs: binge drinking women and high school girls-United States, 2011. Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6201a3.htm

Alcohol abuse and Dependence Definition Alcohol dependence is a chronic disease that causes physical withdrawal symptoms in the absence of alcohol consumption. Alcohol use during pregnancy is a leading cause of birth defects and developmental disabilities. Fetal alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASD) cause neurodevelopmental deficits and lifelong disability in a child. Bhuvaneswar, C. G., Chang, G., Epstein, L. A., & Stern, T. A. (2007). Alcohol Use During Pregnancy: Prevalence and Impact. Primary Care Companion to The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 9(6), 455–460. Retreived from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2139915/

Risk Factors Poverty, homelessness, substance use by one’s partner and preconception substance use. Personal history of physical or sexual abuse Psychiatric illnesses 56% to 92% of alcohol users showed psychiatric illnesses 70% women with alcohol abuse experience sexual abuse Bhuvaneswar, C. G., Chang, G., Epstein, L. A., & Stern, T. A. (2007). Alcohol Use During Pregnancy: Prevalence and Impact. Primary Care Companion to The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 9(6), 455–460. Retreived from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2139915/

Epidemiology of Alcohol Abuse in Pregnancy Epidemiologists measure the high risk drinking associated with blood alcohol concentrations to 0.08gm% or above 0.9 million women in childbearing are engaged in binge drinking Studies shown that younger women are more likely to engage in binge drinking that older women. Women drink during the early critical weeks of fetal development because they do not know that are pregnant. Data report that 54.9% women that might become pregnant reported using alcohol. And 12.4% women reported binge drinking Bhuvaneswar, C. G., Chang, G., Epstein, L. A., & Stern, T. A. (2007). Alcohol Use During Pregnancy: Prevalence and Impact. Primary Care Companion to The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 9(6), 455–460. Retreived from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2139915/

Biostatistics of Alcohol Abuse During Pregnancy Consequences of alcoholism on pregnant women can: Produce abortion Affect the development of the fetus and alters the neurons Affects development at the cellular, neurochemical, structural and functional levels. The Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) reports: The prevalence in women aged 18-44 was 51.5% of no pregnant women and 7.6% pregnant women Prevalence of binge drinking was 15% among no pregnant women and 1.4% of pregnant women Department of Health and Human Services. (2009, March). Reducing Alcohol-Exposed pregnancies. Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/fasd/documents/redalcohpreg.pdf

Prevention and Treatment Screening is an effective tool to assessing the severity of the disease and determine the appropriate intervention for each women. The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) and the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) recommend abstinence of alcohol during pregnancy for women who are pregnant or may become pregnant. Department of Health and Human Services. (2009, March). Reducing Alcohol-Exposed pregnancies. Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/fasd/documents/redalcohpreg.pdf

Behavioral Intervention Program: Information-Motivation-Behavioral Skills Model Information is crucial to behavior change. present a preventive information about the use of alcohol during pregnancy, the risks, consequences, treatment and prevention. Motivation: Personal motivation refers the attitudes toward the abstinence of alcohol during pregnancy. Step taken to a behavior change such as find a treatment program social motivation has the purpose to engage in a preventive behavior with the support of friends and family DiClemente, R.J., Salazar, L.F. & Crosby, R.A. (2013). Health behavior theory for public health: principles, foundations, and applications. Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC: Burlington, MA.

Information-Motivation-Behavioral Skills Model Behavior Skills refers the ability and self-efficacy in performing the behavior. This construct in alcohol abuse during pregnancy is the self-efficacy in performing the behavior. Answer the question “How can I stop drinking?” Do not keep alcohol at home Stay away from people or places that make you drink DiClemente, R.J., Salazar, L.F. & Crosby, R.A. (2013). Health behavior theory for public health: principles, foundations, and applications. Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC: Burlington, MA.

Conclusion and Recommendations The importance of the research of the epidemiology and biostatistics data determine the prevalence of women with alcohol abuse during pregnancy and identify the high risk population. The IMB model is adopted for Alcohol Abuse During Pregnancy program to develop the treatment adherence of behavior change. The method used in this program is a brief intervention consisted of 10-15 minutes sessions of counseling