Next Review Session is: @ :15 Date: June 1st, 2017- period 1 Aim # 84: What are the structures and functions of the human respiratory system? HW: Test Friday 6/2 (Regents MC!) RRB pages 31-44 due Friday Castle Learning (QUIZ #5) due next MONDAY Do Now: Next Review Session is: @ :15

1. Human respiratory system

2. What’s going on when we breathe? Gas exchange Take in oxygen (needed for cellular respiration) Release carbon dioxide (waste product)

3. Respiration involves… Breathing: bringing gas from outside to inside lungs Diffusion: gas moves through lungs into bloodstream and vice versa Cellular respiration: ATP production at the mitochondria

4. Aerobic respiration requires oxygen Example: plants and animals

5. Diaphragm Muscle that separates lungs from abdominal cavity Controls movement of air into and out of lungs

6. Inhalation Diaphragm is pulled downward and air rushes into lungs

7. Exhalation Diaphragm relaxes and moves upward and air is squeezed out of lungs

8. Cilia: Hair-like projections that prevent particles from entering lungs

9. What makes a good respiratory surface? Thin Moist In contact with oxygen in the surrounding environment In contact with transport system

10. Nasal passages Filter, moisten, and warm air Hairs Mucous membrane with cilia Surrounded by capillaries

11. Pharynx: throat 12. Larynx: voice box

13. Trachea: Windpipe Kept open by rings of cartilage Ciliated mucous membrane

14. Bronchi Two cartilage-ringed tubes Lined with ciliated cells

15. Bronchioles Groups of tiny tubes with less and less cartilage

16. Alveoli: respiratory surface… where gas exchange takes place

17. Alveoli have a large surface area! Our lungs contain about 300 million alveoli Total surface area = 70 square meters 40 times greater than the surface area of our skin!

18. Take a deep breath… Describe to me the pathway that air takes into and out of our lungs… Nasal passage  pharynx  larynx  trachea  bronchi  bronchioles  alveoli

Brain Pop: Respiratory System https://www.brainpop.com/health/bodysystems/respiratorysystem/

19. What smoking can do…

No Smoking… Tobacco use remains the leading preventable cause of death in the United States Approximately 80% of adult smokers started smoking before the age of 18. Every day, nearly 5,000 young people under the age of 18 try their first cigarette. Smoking kills more Americans each year than alcohol, cocaine, crack, heroin, suicide, car accidents, fires and AIDS combined

20. Lung cancer Tumors form in lungs because of irregular and uncontrolled cell division (mitosis) Normal human cells change into cancer cells when exposed to carcinogens (cancer-causing chemicals) Other carcinogens: radon, asbestos, radioactive materials, and arsenic

21. Asthma Sever allergic reaction that causes wheezing, coughing, and breathing difficulties Bronchioles go into spasms, squeezing the air passages Asthma triggers: smoking, pollen, indoor or outdoor mold, dust mites, activity, colds and infections, cockroaches, weather, strong odors and sprays

22. Bronchitis Linings of bronchial tubes are irritated and swollen Passageways to alveoli may swell and clog with mucus Coughing, difficulty breathing

23. Emphysema Lungs lose elasticity Walls of alveoli are damaged, making respiratory surface smaller Causes shortness of breath Damage is permanent

24. Pneumonia Alveoli are filled with fluid Prevents exchange of gases

Brain Pop: Smoking https://www.brainpop.com/health/personalhealth/smoking/

Let’s Review!

25. Label the diagram below:

26. Which line in the graph below best illustrates an effect of the carbon dioxide level in the blood on breathing rate before, during, and after a period of exercise?

27. Answer the questions based on the diagram below: What represents the lungs? What does the rubber sheet represent?

28. What is this a picture of?