Trauma & Stressor-Based Disorders Obsessive-Compulsive & Related Disorders Anxiety Disorders DSM-5 Categories of Disorders Bipolar & Related Disorders Somatic Symptom & Related Disorders Depressive Disorders Dissociatve Disorders Schizophrenia Spectrum & Other Psychotic Disorders

Anxiety Disorders Post the video links on the website!

Anxiety Disorders Anxiety: a vague, generalized apprehension or feeling that one is in danger. Anxiety Disorder: Anxiety that is out of proportion to the situation provoking it. Most common type of mental illness in U.S. 40 million people Anxiety Disorders cost $42 billion each year in health care, lost wages, and lost productivity; more common in women

Shared Characteristics of All Anxiety Disorders Personal inadequacy Avoidance of dealing with problems Unrealistic image of oneself Self-defeating behavior Unable to free oneself of recurring worries Difficulty forming stable and satisfying relationships Constant worrying, sudden mood swings, physical symptoms Headaches, sweating, muscle tightness, weakness, fatigue

3 Main Anxiety Disorders Generalized Anxiety Disorder Panic Disorder Phobic Disorder

1. Generalized Anxiety Disorder Almost constant feeling of anxiousness as a result of vague or imagined dangers. Can blossom into a full-fledged panic attack Include choking sensations, chest pain, dizziness, trembling, hot flashes, etc. Runaway locamotive of worry. 6months + of worry. High Autonomic arousal

Generalized Anxiety Disorder Examples: Fearing unknown/unforeseen circumstances, they are unable to make decisions Preoccupied with internal problems, so they neglect social relationships Comes from environment, major life changes, etc Vicious Cycle: The more they worry, the more difficulty they have. The more difficulty they have, the more they worry

2. Panic Disorder Panic: a feeling of sudden, helpless terror, such as the overwhelming fright one might experience when cornered by a predator Panic Disorder: an extreme anxiety that manifests itself in the form of panic attacks Panic Attacks: sudden and unexplainable attacks or intense anxiety, leading the individual to feel a sense of inevitable doom or even the fear that he or she is about to die. Linked with agoraphobia

3. Phobic Disorders Phobias: Severe anxiety that is focused on a particular object, animal, activity, or situation Range in intensity from mild to extremely severe People deal with phobias by avoiding the thing they are afraid of

Acarophobia

Acrophobia

Aerophobia

Agoraphobia extreme or irrational fear of crowded spaces or enclosed public places.

Atelophobia

Autophobia

Catagelophobia Fear of being ridiculed

Claustrophobia

Entomophobia

Felinophobia

Heliophobia

Hemophobia

Hydrophobia

Logizomechanophobia

Lygophobia

Nosocomephobia

Verminophobia

Zoophobia

The Phobia List Link

Other Anxiety Disorders Selective Mutism Separation Anxiety Disorder

Obsessive-Compulsive & Related Disorders

OC & Related Disorders OCD Body Dysmorphic Disorder Hoarding Disorder Trichotillomania (Hair-Pulling Disorder) Excoriation (Skin-Picking Disorder)

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Obsession: an uncontrollable pattern of thoughts Compulsions: coping behaviors Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: both of these behaviors together; interferes with what a person wants or needs to do Washing hands 20-30x a day, avoid stepping on cracks in the sidewalk, recurring unpleasant thoughts about death, etc. Know it’s wrong, but unable to stop More common in men

Why do people develop obsessions and compulsions? OCD can serve as a diversion from a person’s real fears, so it may reduce anxiety. Provide the person with evidence that they are doing something well, even if it is only avoiding cracks on a sidewalk. Genetic

Common Examples of OCD Common Obsessions: Common Compulsions: Contamination fears of germs, dirt, etc. Washing Imagining having harmed self or others Repeating Imagining losing control of aggressive urges Checking Excessive religious or moral doubt Counting Forbidden thoughts Ordering/arranging A need to have things "just so" Hoarding or saving

Hoarding Disorder

Trauma & Stressor Related Disorders

Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder A condition in which a person who has experienced a traumatic event feels severe and long lasting effects Symptoms: involuntary flashbacks, recurring nightmares, insomnia, feelings of guilt, social withdrawal, jumpy anxiety Extremely long lasting, up to decades. Ex: Mi Lai Massacre Common among veterans, survivors of acts of terrorism, natural disasters, catastrophes, and human aggression Only about 10% of women and 20% of men react to traumatic situations and develop PTSD. Holocaust survivors show remarkable resilience against traumatic situations.

Trauma & Stressor-Based Disorders Obsessive-Compulsive & Related Disorders Anxiety Disorders DSM-5 Categories of Disorders Bipolar & Related Disorders Somatic Symptom & Related Disorders Depressive Disorders Dissociatve Disorders Schizophrenia Spectrum & Other Psychotic Disorders

Explaining Anxiety, OCD/Related, & Trauma/Stressor Based Disorders What would each perspective of psych say about why someone has these disorders?

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Psychodynamic Perspective Anxiety rooted in repressed ID impulses Impulses = obsessive thoughts Compulsions = ego defenses against them E.g.: Lady Macbeth: Anxiety/guilt over her part in a murder  compulsive hand washing to get rid of the imagined blood. How would you treat Lady Macbeth?

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Behavioral Perspective Focus on compulsions, not obsessions Theory: association forms randomly between fear/anxiety reduction and the compulsive behavior Compulsive behavior becomes reinforcing because it reduces anxiety Therefore compulsion increases in frequency

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Biological Perspective Drugs that increase Serotonin activity are somewhat effective in treating OCD Serotonin is also active in 2 brain areas that have been associated with OCD: the orbital region of the frontal cortex and caudate nucleus