Unit 1 Exam Review

Match the unit with what it measures: Grams Liters g/mL meters density length mass volume

a. distance traveled by the ball b. height of the ramp 1. Mr. S. sets up an experiment to see how the mass of a ball affects the distance it rolls off a ramp. Identify the independent variable. a. distance traveled by the ball b. height of the ramp c. mass of the ball d. weight of the ball C

a. distance traveled by the ball b. height of the ramp 2. Mr. S. sets up an experiment to see how the mass of a ball affects the distance it rolls off a ramp. Identify the dependent variable. a. distance traveled by the ball b. height of the ramp c. mass of the ball d. weight of the ball A

a. distance traveled by the ball b. height of the ramp 3. Mr. S. sets up an experiment to see how the mass of a ball affects the distance it rolls off a ramp. Identify the constant. a. distance traveled by the ball b. height of the ramp c. mass of the ball d. weight of the ball B

B a. amount of times the dog follows the command b. type of reward 4. Mr. S. normally uses praise as a reward to train his dog. He wants to know the best way to train his dog, so he sets up an experiment to find out if there is a better way to get his dog to respond to commands. What is his independent variable? a. amount of times the dog follows the command b. type of reward c. praise d. type of dog B

A a. amount of times the dog follows the command b. type of reward 5. Mr. S. normally uses praise as a reward to train his dog. He wants to know the best way to train his dog, so he sets up an experiment to find out if there is a better way to get his dog to respond to commands. Identify the dependent variable. a. amount of times the dog follows the command b. type of reward c. praise d. type of dog A

C a. type of reward b. trials done with new rewards 6. Mr. S. normally uses praise as a reward to train his dog. He wants to know the best way to train his dog, so he sets up an experiment to find out if there is a better way to get his dog to respond to commands. What is his control trial? a. type of reward b. trials done with new rewards c. trials done with praise d. the leash that he uses C

The force that holds the electrons to the atom is: Electromagnetic attractive force of opposite charges attracting

The force that holds the nucleus together is: The nuclear strong force- a force of attraction due to the mass of particles. It is very strong over a very short distance.

Most of the atom is made up of: Empty space. The nucleus is a tiny piece in the center of the atom that holds all of the mass. The electron cloud is most of the volume of the atom, yet the electrons do not fill the space.

Fill in the following table: Sub-atomic particle Mass Charge What happens if one is removed/added? Proton Neutron Electron +1 New element 1 amu 1 amu Isotope 0 amu -1 ion

How many protons, neutrons and electrons are in an ion of Chlorine-37-1

How many protons, neutrons and electrons are in an ion of Caclium-40+2

The nucleus has an overall _____________ charge. POSITIVE

How many protons does a neutral atom of nitrogen have? 7

How many neutrons does a neutral atom of nitrogen have? 7 Mass- Atomic Number= # of neutrons 14-7=7

How many electrons does a neutral atom of nitrogen have? 7

How many electrons does an ion of Nitrogen have? What is the charge? 10 -3

What are valence electrons? Outer most electrons They are equal to the group number

How many valence electrons does oxygen have? 6

What is the charge on the ion oxygen will form? -2

Name 5 elements in the same period as magnesium Sodium, aluminum, silicon, phosphorus, sulfur, chlorine or argon

Name 5 elements in the same group as magnesium Beryllium, calcium, strontium, barium, radium

What part of the atomic structure gives an atom its reactivity? The electron arrangement, specifically the valence electrons.

How many protons, neutron, and electrons in an isotope of phosphorus-32? Neutrons: 17 Electrons: 15

What is an ion? How it is formed? An ion is a charged particle formed when an atom either gains electrons or loses electrons to become stable to follow the octet rule.

What are cations? Positive ions formed when metals lose electrons.

What are anions? negative ions formed when non-metals gain electrons.

What is atomic mass? The weighted average of all of the isotopes of a substance based on a proportion of the relative abundances of the different isotopes. Always a decimal. Listed on the periodic table.

What is mass number? The mass of a single atom. Protons + neutrons= mass number. Always a whole number.

Most elements are (metals/non-metals/ semi-metals)

Which period is lead in? The 6th

Which group is lead in? Group 4A or 14

What group are the noble gases? Why are they called noble gases? Group 8A or 18 They do not react- they have full valence shells

What group are the halogens? What do you know about them? Group 7A or 17 They are the most reactive non-metals with 7 valence electrons

What group are the alkali metals? What do you know about them? They are the most reactive metals with 1 valence electron

Metals bond with non-metals to form ______________ Ionic compounds

Non-metals bond with non-metals to form ______________ Covalent compounds

In ionic bonds, electrons are ______________ Transferred from the positive ion to the negative ion

In covalent bonds, electrons are ______________ Shared between two atoms

Name the following as ionic or covalent: S and O Na and F P and Cl N and O Al and Br Li and O C I

Write the formula for aluminum oxide Al2O3

Write the formula for sodium oxide Na2O

Name the following compounds: CaBr2 MgF2 Na2S CuCl2 CuCl Fe2O3 Calcium bromide Magneisum fluoride Sodium sulfide Copper (II) chloride Copper (I) chloride Iron (III) oxide

Physical or Chemical Change?

Physical or Chemical Change?