MEDICAL CONDITION THAT AFFECT ATHLETES

ACCURATE AND UPDATED HEALTH HISTORY ALLOWS THE ENTIRE SPORTS MEDICINE TEAM TO PREPARE IN ADVANCE FOR EMERGENCIES THAT MAY AFFECT THEIR ATHLETES

DIABETES MELLITUS CAUSED BY: CAUSING AN INCREASE OF BLOOD GLUCOSE COMPLETE OR PARTIAL DECREASE IN THE PRODUCTION OF INSULIN BY THE PANCREAS CELLS DO NOT RESPOND TO THE INSULIN THAT IS PRODUCED CAUSING AN INCREASE OF BLOOD GLUCOSE

HIGH BLOOD GLUCOSE NORNAL BLOOD GLUCOSE = 70 TO 110 MILLIGRAMS PER DECILETER (mg/dL) OF BLOOD WHEN BLOOD GLUCOSE LEVELS RISE ABOVE 160 TO 180 mg/dL SUGAR SPILLS INTO THE URINE AND THE KIDNEYS EXTRACT ADDITIONAL WATER TO DILUTE THE LARGE AMOUNTS OF SUGAR INCREASE IN URINE OUTPUT DEHYDRATION WEGHT LOSS

TWO TYPES OF DIABETES TYPE 1: GENETIC INSULIN DEPENDANT; PANCREAS PRODUCES TOO LITTLE OR NO INSULIN INSULIN IS HORMONE NEEED TO ALLOW SUGAR (GLUCOSE) TO ENTER THE CELLS TO PRODUCE ENERGY USUALLY DIAGNOSED BEFORE AGE 15 FAST ONSET MUST TEST AND INJECT INSULIN DAILY CAN BE CONTROLED BUT NOT CURED

TWO TYPES OF DIABETES TYPE 2: LIFESTYLE NON-INSULIN DEPENDANT SLOWER ONSET USUALLY CAN BE CONTROLLED BY A CHANGE IN DIET MAY REQUIRE MEDICATION AND/OR INSULIN INJECTIONS CAN BE CONTROLED BUT NOT CURED

ATHLETE WITH DIABETES EAT COMPLEX CARBOHYDRATES 30 MINUTES BEFORE EXERCISE IF THEY ARE GOING TO EXERCISE FOR OVER 60 MINUTES THEY NEED TO HAVE GLUCOSE AVAILABLE DURING THEIR TRAINING OR COMPETITION IF DIABETES IS UNTREATED OR IMPROPERLY MANAGED IT CAN LEAD TO: KIDNEY FAILURE BLINDNESS NERVE DAMAGE AMPUTATION HEART ATTACK STROKE DIABETIC KETOACIDOSIS LEADING TO DIABETIC COMA

WHAT IS DIABETIC KETOACIDOSIS? CELLS OF THE BODY ARE UNABLE TO GET NEEDED GLUCOSE BECAUSE OF A LACK OF INSULIN GLUCOSE IS UNABLE TO ENTER THE CELLS AND STAYS IN THE BLOOD THE KIDNEYS FILTER SOME AND REMOVE IT THROUGH URINE CELLS BEGIN TO BREAK DOWN FAT AND MUSCLE FOR ENERGY KETONES (FATTY ACIDS) ARE PRODUCED AND ENTER THE BLOOD STREAM CAUSING A CHEMICAL IMBALANCE LEADING TO DIABETIC COMA AND/OR DEATH

HOW WOULD YOU TREAT AN ATHLETE SUFFERING FROM DIABETIC KETOACIDOSIS HOW WOULD YOU TREAT AN ATHLETE SUFFERING FROM DIABETIC KETOACIDOSIS? HOW WOULD YOU PREVENT AN ATHLETE FROM DEVELOPING DIABETIC KETOACIDOSIS?

HYPOGLYCEMIA ALL ATHLETES DEPLETE GLUCOSE DURING COMPETITION ATHLETES SUFFERING FOR DIABETES NEED TO BE MONITORED CLOSELY IF THEY ARE NOT MONITORED CLOSELY THE ATHLETE CAN EASILY DEVELOP HYPOGLYCEMIA TWO WAYS AN DIABETIC ATHLETE CAN DEVELOP HYPOGLYCEMIA: EXCESS EXERCISE TOO MUCH INSULIN INJECTED SIGNS OF HYPOGLYCEMIA: RACING HEARTBEAT SWEATING SHAKING INABILITY TO THINK CLEARLY PHYSICAL WEAKNESS LOSS OF MOTOR COORDINATION

INSULIN SHOCK IF NOT TREATED HYPOGLYCEMIA CAN LEAD TO INSULIN SHOCK SIGNS: MOIST PALE SKIN RAPID BOUNDING PULSE TINGLING THROUGHOUT THE BODY CONVULSIONS COMA AND/OR DEATH INSULIN SHOCK IS LIFE THREATENING; HYPOGLYCEMIA REQUIRES IMMEDIATE MEDICAL ATTENTION

HOW WOULD YOU TREAT AN ATHLETE SUFFERING FROM HYPOGLYCEMIA HOW WOULD YOU TREAT AN ATHLETE SUFFERING FROM HYPOGLYCEMIA? AFTER TREATMENT HOW LONG WOULD YOU WAIT TO SEE IF THE SYMPTOMS RESOLVE BEFORE CALLING EMS? HOW WOULD YOU PREVENT AN ATHLETE FROM DEVELOPING HYPOGLYCEMIA?

ASTHMA CONSTRICTION OF THE BRONCHI AND BRONCHIOLES IN THE LUNGS THE TISSUE OF THE LUNGS IS IRRITATED AND THE LINING OF THE LUNGS SWELL AND SECRETE A THICK MUCUS RESTRICTS THE FLOW OF OXYGEN TO THE BLOODSTREAM EXTRINSIC AND INTRINSIC ASTHMA

TREATING AN ASTHMATIC ATHLETE HAVE ATHLETE SIT DOWN WITH THEIR ARMS ELEVATED TRY TO HAVE THE ATHLETE CONTOL THEIR BREATHING HAVE ATHLETE USE THEIR INHALER (BROCHODIALATOR) ATHLETES MUST BE AWARE OF ANY LEGAL RESTRICTIONS OF THE USE OF INHALERS DURING COMPETITION IF THE INHALER DOES NOT RESOLVE SYMPTOMS; CALL EMS

HEART CONDITIONS AN ATHLETE MAY BE UNAWARE OF A GENETIC HEART CONDITION EXTREME EXEERTION DURING TRAINING OR COMPETION MAY STRESS THE CARDIAC MUSCLE TO THE POINT THAT IT IS UNABLE TO MEET THE DEMANDS OF THE BODY CAUSING A MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION (HEART ATTACK) ALSO A DIRECT BLOW THE HEART MAY CAUSE DAMAGE TO A HEART THAT IS ALREADY WEAKEND

MARFAN SYNDROME GENETIC DISORDER OF THE CONNECTING TISSUE CAUSING A WEAKNESS OF THE VALVE AND AORTA CAN LEAD TO A RUPTURE BODY TYPE: TALL ARM SPAN EXCEEDS HEIGHT JOINTS HYPERMOBILE SUNKEN CHEST SCOLIOSIS

HYPERTROPHIC CARDIOMYOPATHY LEADING CAUSE OF DEATH IN YOUNG ATHLETES AN ABNORMAL THICKNESS OF THE VENTRICLE WALL, MAKING IT HARDER FOR THE BLOOD TO LEAVE THE HEART AND FORCING THE HEART TO WORK HARDER

SICKLE-CELL ANEMIA GENETIC CAUSED BY HAVING SICKLE OR QUARTER MOON SHAPED RBC THE SICKLE SHAPE INHIBITS THE PASSAGE OF BLOOD THROUGH THE SMALL BLOOD VESSELS CAUSING CLOGGING THIS CAUSES A DECREASE OF THE TRANSPORTATION OF OXYGEN NORMAL RBC LIFESPAN IS 120 DAYS; SICKLE CELL IS 15-20 DAYS THIS SHORT LIFE SPAN CAN LEAD TO SEVERE ANEMIA ANEMIA IS WHEN THE BODY DOES NOT PRODUCE ENOUGH RBC TO PROVIDE ENOUGH OXYGEN FOR THE BODIES TISSUE AND CELLS SIGNS: MUSCLE PAIN CRAMPING ABNORMAL WEAKNESS AND/OR FATIGUE SHORTNESS OF BREATH SOMETIMES MISDIAGNOSED AS HEAT CRAMPS; SIMILAR SYMPTOMS

WHAT TYPES OF PROBLEMS MAY AN ATHLETE WITH SICKLE CELL ANEMIA ENCOUNTER?