Information Literacy Program Module 5 Emalus Campus Information Literacy Program Module 5 Literature Search Citing Sources The Bibliography

Other ILP Modules Emalus Campus Module 1: Resources Available @ the Emalus Campus Library Module 2: Accessing the Emalus Library Website & Using the Online Catalogue Module 3: Untangle the Web: Finding Information on the Internet Module 4: Critically Evaluating Information Sources Module 5: Literature Search, Citing Sources & Bibliography Module 6: Searching ProQuest

Learning Objectives plan an information search strategy effectively Emalus Campus plan an information search strategy effectively explain why citing sources correctly is important explain what a bibliography is

Learning Outcomes At the end of this session, students should: Emalus Campus At the end of this session, students should: be able to describe the steps involved in researching information and ideas and explain the importance of each one understand why they need to cite sources correctly using one from a range of citation/bibliographic styles understand what a bibliography is and why it is an important part of any piece of work

Beginning the Process familiarise yourself with the library Emalus Campus familiarise yourself with the library define your topic, decide on the key words to get an overview of your topic use the Reference section (e.g. general encyclopedias, subject encyclopedias, dictionaries)

Framing Your Topic or Question Emalus Campus What was the unemployment rate last year? is NOT a Research Problem How does government spending on education in Fiji affect the annual unemployment rate? Is a research problem because it asks about a relationship of two variables: Variable 1 public education expenditures in Fiji Variable 2 annual unemployment rate in Fiji

Starting Point: You are thinking of doing a paper Defining Your Topic Emalus Campus Starting Point: You are thinking of doing a paper on climate change General Topic: Global warming Time span: past 50 years Place: Pacific Island nations Event or Aspects: changes in weather patterns; changes in cycles of weather events such as cyclones; effects on agriculture, marine life; ocean warming   Narrowed research question: Are there demonstrable impacts of climate change on Pacific island countries?

Search Terms climate change greenhouse effect carbon emissions Emalus Campus First Concept Second concept Third Concept Fourth Concept climate change greenhouse effect carbon emissions Melanesia Micronesia Polynesia Pacific countries Individual country names issue conflict confrontations struggle causes dilemma obstacles solutions resources strategies problem-solving remedies avoidance

General Collection search for books in the library using the Emalus Campus search for books in the library using the Library’s online catalogue search for online materials using the Library’s catalogue

Emalus Library Website Emalus Campus

Search for Journal Articles Emalus Campus the Library provides access to online databases such as ProQuest and EBSCOhost many provide access to full text articles http://www.usp.ac.fj/library/e_resources/database.htm

Other Sources Use other sources and formats of Emalus Campus Use other sources and formats of information related to your topic: statistics, maps government documents relevant agencies and departments outside the USP

Internet Resources Search the Internet using search engines Emalus Campus Search the Internet using search engines --such as Google and subject directories, --such as Yahoo and academic search engines --such as Google Scholar Web addresses are an essential element of your bibliographic citation for online databases and websites

What are the BIG6™ Skills? Emalus Campus Focus: What is the problem? Search: How do I find out? Sort: What have I got? Select: What is important? Synthesize: How does it all fit together? Produce: Who wants to know (audience) Evaluate: So what? Reflect: What have I learned? (self-evaluation, peer evaluation, teacher evaluation) Task definition == Information Seeking Strategies== Location and Access== Use of Information== Synthesis== Evaluation==

Evaluate Using the CARS criteria Emalus Campus credibility accuracy reasonableness support This is covered in detail in Module 4

Jowitt, Anita (2006) Legal Referencing Citing Your Sources Emalus Campus Decide on the citation style to use DFL Students--Ask your lecturer Legal citation for law students Jowitt, Anita (2006) Legal Referencing http://law.usp.ac.fj/edison/resources/referencing.pdf

Citing your Sources Emalus Campus Citing means “quoting of an authoritative source”. It is a reference to a book, article, web page or some other published material in any format These references may be cited: as quotes as footnotes in a bibliography in a list at the end of your work

The Bibliography Emalus Campus a bibliography is a list of references at the end of a piece of work (book, article, report, essay). It shows what sources the author used in writing their work a reference list is a list of the references actually referred to in the work

Why use Bibliographic Citations? Emalus Campus required in academic research to avoid plagiarism required in publishing to avoid infringement of copyright (intellectual property laws) accurate, formalised citations allow your readers to retrace your steps and check / read your sources

What is Plagiarism? Emalus Campus “Plagiarise: take and use (another’s writings etc.) as one’s own.” The Australian Oxford colour dictionary, 1996.

What is Plagiarism? Emalus Campus Plagiarism is the theft / stealing of another’s words, images, ideas, information, etc. when using these in your work (e.g. essay, report) without acknowledging the source of the information. Carol Talbot, 2006 *** this includes all information you use from the Internet

What is Copyright? Emalus Campus it is a legal right granted to the original creator of a written piece of work, music score, art work, etc to exclusive distribution, sale, copying of that work permission must be granted before any copying, sale etc

Other Terms Emalus Campus intellectual property - a variety of legal entitlements which protect the work of inventors, authors, etc fair use - is a legal concept that allows the reproduction of copyrighted material for certain purposes without obtaining permission and without paying a fee or royalty. Does not apply to all countries public domain - openly available to everyone and not subject to copyright protection. Usually refers to software on the Internet. Freeware is not the same thing – it is copyrighted

Citation Style check with your lecturer / tutor as to which Emalus Campus check with your lecturer / tutor as to which style you should be using use only one citation style consistently in the body of your essay / report and in your bibliography different Faculties use different styles; legal citation for law students

Citation Style, cont. Emalus Campus generally speaking, prefer style manuals over online guides, as they are usually more complete and authoritative locate the example listed for that type of source, or the closest to it, then follow it precisely, substituting your details for the example’s details

Citation Style: Common Elements for Books Emalus Campus Citing books: - author or editor - year of publication - title & subtitle - place of publication - publisher

Library Catalogue Emalus Campus The library catalogue record uses the same elements of bibliographic information you need to include in your bibliography: author / editor title place of publication publisher’s name date of publication

Library Catalogue Emalus Campus

Citation Style: Common Elements for Articles Emalus Campus Citing journal articles: - author - year of publication - article title & subtitle - journal title & subtitle - volume and / or issue number - page numbers

Citation Style: Common Elements Emalus Campus Citing electronic sources: provide the complete citation, as for print and the date your retrieved the information and the database / electronic source e.g.—APA Style Smith, J. (1996). Time to go home. Journal of Hyperactivity, 6(4), 122-3. Retrieved January 11, 2005, from ProQuest database.

General Tips for Citing Sources Emalus Campus Write down or print out all publication details when you first decide to include a source: this will assist you to avoid plagiarism or infringing copyright this applies to both your research of the topic and direct quotations in your essay / report

Common Errors in Bibliographies Emalus Campus Typographic errors Spelling errors Spacing errors Punctuation errors Wrong order of elements Missing elements

Good luck on your research! Emalus Campus This presentation is available on the library web page http://www.vanuatu.usp.ac.fj/library/ Good luck on your research!