The Effectiveness of An Infant Caregiver Mentoring Program: Multi-Dimensional Interventions Utilizing Random Clinical Trials* Richard Fiene, Ph.D. Penn State University * Paper presented at the Society for Research in Child Development (SRCD) Biennial Meeting, April 7-10, 2005, Atlanta, Georgia.

Research Literature Mentoring research in the past 20 years Random clinical trials (RCT) Infancy research Statewide Professional Development Systems Emphasis on workshop delivery

Research Methodology Random Clinical Trials Staggered Waiting List Mentoring Only & Certificate + Mentoring Comparison/Control Groups Single versus Multiple Interventions Mentoring Caregivers, Directors, Parents Children

Research Tools Infant Toddler Environment Rating Scale (ITERS) Knowledge of Infant Development Scale (KIDI) Arnett Caregiver Interaction Scale (CIS) Bloom Classroom Organizational Climate Scale (Bloom) Home Based Observation System (HOME) Developmental Observation Checklist System Scale (DOCS)(Outcome Variable)

Research Design Pre-Test Post-Test ITERS ITERS KIDI KIDI CIS CIS Bloom Bloom HOME HOME DOCS DOCS Random Assignment Control Group (Workshops) Control Group (Workshops) Mentoring Interventions Mentoring Interventions DOCS = ITERS/HOME + KIDI + CIS + Bloom

Research Results: ITERS/HOME Post-Test Scores 3.76 = Workshops (6 hours)(Control Group) 4.01 = Certificate + Mentoring (18 +6 hours) 4.21 = Mentoring Caregiver (70 hours) 4.03 = Mentoring Director (50 hours) 4.23 = Mentoring Parent (45 hours) 4.55 = Mentoring Caregiver + Parent (135 hrs) 5.04 = Mentoring Caregiver + Parent + Director (225 hours)

Intervention: Number of Hours

ITERS/HOME Post-Test Scores

ITERS/HOME Pre-Post-Test Change * = statistically significant change .05 = Workshops .21 = Certificate + Mentoring .41* = Mentoring Caregiver .33* = Mentoring Director .29 = Mentoring Parent .75* = Mentoring Caregiver + Parent 1.24* = Mentoring Caregiver + Parent + Director

KIDI Post-Test Scores 72% = Workshops 75% = Certificate + Mentoring 80% = Mentoring Caregiver 81% = Mentoring Director 78% = Mentoring Parent 85% = Mentoring Caregiver + Parent 87% = Mentoring Caregiver + Parent + Director

KIDI Post-Test Scores

KIDI Pre-Post Test Change 1% = Workshops 5% = Certificate + Mentoring 10%* = Mentoring Caregiver 11%* = Mentoring Director 8% = Mentoring Parent 15%* = Mentoring Caregiver + Parent 17%* = Mentoring Caregiver + Parent + Director

CIS Post-Test Scores 3.25 = Workshops 3.40 = Certificate + Mentoring 3.51 = Mentoring Caregiver 3.67 = Mentoring Director 3.56 = Mentoring Parent 3.75 = Mentoring Caregiver + Parent 3.88 = Mentoring Caregiver + Parent + Director

CIS Post-Test Scores

CIS Pre-Post-Test Change .05 = Workshops .20 = Certificate + Mentoring .35* = Mentoring Caregiver .40* = Mentoring Director .26 = Mentoring Parent .45* = Mentoring Caregiver + Parent .58* = Mentoring Caregiver + Parent + Director

Bloom Post-Test Scores 3.56 = Workshops 3.55 = Certificate + Mentoring 3.59 = Mentoring Caregiver 3.71 = Mentoring Director 3.47 = Mentoring Caregiver + Parent 3.83 = Mentoring Caregiver + Parent + Director

Bloom Post-Test Scores

Bloom Pre- Post-Test Changes .06 = Workshops .15 = Certificate + Mentoring .49* = Mentoring Caregiver .51* = Mentoring Director .17 = Mentoring Caregiver + Parent .83* = Mentoring Caregiver + Parent + Director

DOCS Post-Test Scores 102 = Workshops 111 = Certificate + Mentoring 115 = Mentoring Caregiver 113 = Mentoring Director 119 = Mentoring Parent 127 = Mentoring Caregiver + Parent 135 = Mentoring Caregiver + Parent + Director

DOCS Post-Test Scores

DOCS Pre- Post-Test Changes 1 = Workshops 11 = Certificate + Mentoring 19* = Mentoring Caregiver 13 = Mentoring Director 19* = Mentoring Parent 27* = Mentoring Caregiver + Parent 37* = Mentoring Caregiver + Parent + Director

Conclusions The more mentoring, with the multi-interventions had the greatest impact on quality and children’s development. Workshops (6 hours) had very little impact on quality and children’s development. The multi-interventions were more costly than the more minimal interventions.

For additional Information Richard Fiene, Ph.D. Director and Associate Professor Health and Human Development Institute The Pennsylvania State University 2001 North Front Street Harrisburg, Pennsylvania 17102 717-233-5276 Rjf8@psu.edu http://www.hhdev.psu.edu