French Revolution

The first duty of a revolutionary is to get away with it. Abbie Hoffman (1936 - 1989)

Objectives Identify the three estates of the old regime Summarize the factors that led up to the French Revolution Analyze the Declaration of the Rights of Man

Essential Question What factors caused the French Revolution?

Terms Bourgeoisie 3 Estates Estates-General Louis XVI Marie Antoinette Tennis Court Oath Great Fear National Assembly

Guiding Questions What were the circumstances that led to the meeting of the Estate-General? Describe the events that led up to the storming of the Bastille

French Revolution

Old Regime Feudalism left over from middle ages Non – Existent Middle Class Suppressed by a monarch 3 Estates of Society

1st Estate Roman Catholic Church Owned 10 percent of the land Provided education and relief services to the poor Disapproved of enlightenment ideas

2nd Estate Nobility 1% of the population Owned 30% of the land Did not pay taxes Disapprove enlightenment ideas

3rd Estate 98 % of the population Bourgeoisie - Merchants and artists, very wealthy, Paid taxes, Few privileges Workers - Paid low wages, Heavily taxed, Out of work, starving Peasants - 80% of population, half of income  nobles, church, and kings taxes

Forces of Change Enlightenment ideas American Revolution Economic Problems - Rapid population growth, Poor growth of production, Heavy taxes, Little Ice Age

Royal Family King Louis XVI –Indecisive, Did not take advise, bankruptcy Married Marie Antoinette - Madam Deficit Estates-General - Assembly of representatives from all three estates called to discuss Tax reform

Dawn of Revolution

National Assembly Third estate - wanted change in government Votes - one vote per estate Abbe Sieyes - Suggested creation of national assembly June 17, 1789 -National Assembly was formed First act of revolution Tennis Court Oath - Demanded a constitution

Storming the Bastille 1st and 2nd estates forced to join National Assembly July 14, 1789 – Bastille Day Great Fear - Rumors of terrorism, Angry Mobs, Mad women Force King to leave

French Revolution Begins

Assembly Reforms France “Liberty, equality, fraternity, or death; - the last, much the easiest to bestow, O Guillotine!” ― Charles Dickens, A Tale of Two Cities

Objectives Explain the Declaration of the Rights of Man Summarize the positions of the three factions Explain how war with Austria and the execution of the King affected the revolution

Essential Question How did the lack of organization in government lead to the Reign of Terror?

Terms Declaration of Rights of Man Guillotine Reign of Terror Maximillien Robespierre Legislative Assembly Jacobin Émigré Sans-culotte

Guiding Questions What were the three goals of the Revolution? Why did the National Assembly lose support of many of the French peasants?

Declaration of the Rights of Man “Men are born and remain free and equal in rights” “The aim of all political association is to preserve the natural rights of man.” Rights – Liberty, property, security, resistance to oppression Guaranteed the rights to equal justice, freedom of speech, and freedom of religion.

“Liberty, Equality, Fraternity”

State-Controlled Church National Assembly took over church lands Power over officials Loss of political independence Offended Catholic peasants Peasants vs. Bourgeoisie

King Louis XVI Attempted to flee France Returned to Paris Limited Monarchy – Stripped the king of his authority Legislative assembly gained power to create law

Factions Split France Old problems still exist Caused the revolution’s leaders to turn against each other Three Factions Radicals - Opposed the king and idea of monarchy  Democracy Moderates - Constitutional monarchy Conservatives - Maintain absolute monarch

Extremist Émigrés – Extreme right and wanted the full monarchy reestablished San-culottes – Extreme left and wanted the people to have complete control over govt. Revolution!