Vocab # 1-6 1. volume: the amount of space an object takes up. 2 Vocab # 1-6 1. volume: the amount of space an object takes up. 2. atom: the smallest particle that still behaves like the original matter it came from. 3. Molecule: two or more atoms joined together. 4. nucleus: a dense area in the center of an atom that contains protons and neutrons 5. element: Matter made up of only one kind of atom. 6. periodic table: a chart that scientists use to organize the elements.

Lesson 1: What is the structure of matter Lesson 1: What is the structure of matter? Matter: anything that has mass and takes up space. Studyjams Matter Volume: the amount of space an object takes up. You weigh less on the moon than on Earth, because the moon’s gravitational pull is less than Earth’s/ The mass however is the same on Earth and the moon.

Atom – the smallest unit of an element. Studyjams Atoms Molecule: made up of 2 or more atoms joined together. No two elements’ atoms look the same. That is why each element is different. Water H2O

Composition of an Atom 7. Protons – positively charged particles in the nucleus of an atom 8. Neutrons – neutral particles in the nucleus of an atom. Protons and neutrons are found in the nucleus. 9. Electrons – negatively charged particles that spin around the nucleus of an atom in layers called shells. Atoms have 5 basic parts: Protons, neutrons, electrons, nucleus, and shells.

Facts About Atoms Atoms are constantly in motion. Electrons move around the nucleus in paths called shells (or energy levels). 10. Shell – an energy level containing spinning electrons that surrounds the nucleus of an atom

Element – a pure substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances study jams – Elements History of Periodic table

Facts from the Periodic Table 11.Symbol – the alphabetical letter or letters used to represent an element and/or compound. 12. Atomic number – the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom; determines the chemical properties of an element.

13. Compound – a molecule made of 2 or more different elements. Compounds/molecules can be made when 2 or more ions bond together.

How do we write down what a compound or molecule looks like? 14. Formula – the way we represent compounds or molecules. A formula is made by combining the symbols of the elements from which the molecule or compound is made. NaCl - salt CO2 - Carbon dioxide C6H12O6 - sugar H2O - water

Water H2O Salt NaCl Carbon dioxide CO2 Ammonia NH3 (windex) Salt NaCl Carbon dioxide CO2 Hydrogen peroxide H2O2

IMPORTANT ELEMENTS WE NEED TO KNOW!!!!! H Hydrogen He Helium C Carbon N Nitrogen O Oxygen Na Sodium Al Aluminum Si Silicon Cl Chlorine Fe Iron Cu Copper Ag Silver Au Gold

Phases of Matter Solids have a definite SHAPE Solids have a definite VOLUME Solids: Particles are tightly packed together and DO NOT move past each other. They vibrate in place. Example—Marble Shape = Sphere Volume = can be found using water displacement © 2013 S. Coates

Phases of Matter Example—Orange Juice Liquids DO NOT have a definite SHAPE, they take the shape of their container. Liquids: Particles are still tightly packed together and they SLIDE move past each other. VOLUME Example—Orange Juice Shape = None, it takes the shape of the glass. Volume = can be found using a beaker or graduated cylinder. © 2013 S. Coates

Phases of Matter Gases DO NOT have a definite SHAPE VGases: Particles are not tightly packed together, and have so much energy they slip past each other quickly. OLUME Example—Smoke Gases are usually always expanding. © 2013 S. Coates

Dmitri Mendeleyev Russian chemist Dmitri Mendeleyev discovered the periodic law and created the periodic table of elements in 1869   Famous Chemists Percy Lavon Julian African-American chemist, a pioneer in the chemical synthesis of medicinal drugs such as cortisonePercy Lavon Julian African-American chemist, a pioneer in the chemical synthesis of medicinal drugs such as cortisone, and steroids                 

Lesson 2: What are physical properties and changes?

Physical Change 15. Physical Change – a change in which the form of a substance changes, but the substance sill has the same chemical makeup. Examples: grinding salt, breaking glass, cutting wood or paper, dissolving sugar in tea Another example is when a substance changes states (water changing from solid to liquid to gas)

States of Matter Atoms/molecules can change state/phases due to temperature or pressure change. At 0° C (32°F), ice melts. (solid to liquid) At 100°C (212°F), liquid water boils. (liquid to gas) At 100°C (212°F) water vapor condenses to from liquid water. At 0°C (32°F), liquid water freezes to form a solid.

Melting and boiling points

16. Density: the measure of how closely packed an object’s atoms are Density video

17. Mixture: a combination of two or more different substances 18. solution: a mixture in which all the parts are mixed evenly 19. suspension: a mixture of a liquid and a solid in which the solid does not dissolve.

Lesson 3 – what are chemical properties and change?

Chemical Change 20. Chemical Change – a change that results in the formation of new substances. Also called a chemical reaction Example: hydrogen gas and oxygen gas combining to form water More Examples: rusting of iron, burning of wood, baking of a cake, & souring of milk

How do you tell if there has been a chemical change? Chemical changes result in: 1. The substance changes color. 2. Energy get absorbed or released (makes light, heat, and sound) 3. The substance changes odor. 4. The substance produces gases or solids. 5. The change is not easy to undo. (you can’t undo a baked cake)

21. combustibility: a measure of how easily a substance will burn 22. reactivity: the ability of a substance to go through a chemical change