Recap- Optical extensometer

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Presentation transcript:

Recap- Optical extensometer

OPTICAL STRAIN GAUGE Marten’s mirror extensometer Tuckerman optical strain gauge

Marten’s mirror extensometer

Working Principle To measure Elongation Developed by Peterson and Wahl in 1936 In this extensometer fixed scale is observed though telescope by means of tilting the mirror M, when rotating fixed knife edge B As the specimen rotates the measuring knife edge will rotate about its pivot point and tilts mirror

-Cont As the mirror tilts different portions of scale seen giving a reading S which is a measure of angle of tilt. The Magnification factor is M= 2A/B The distance of B is 5mm The distance A is 250 times B Hence obtained Magnification is 500

Function of Magnification factor Magnification factor is used to determine how large an object is in real life compared to the image of the object that was captured by a microscope, camera or other imaging device.

For example, To determine the size of an object in a photograph when the distance to the object and the focal length (lens strength) are known, the object distance is multiplied by the vertical (or horizontal) image size and this number is then divided by focal length to determine the magnification factor

Tuckerman optical strain gauge

Auto Collimator

Working Principle To remove error due to linear displacement an improvement over two mirror system has been made by Tuckerman. It is a combination of mechanical and optical levers used to amplify the relative distance between knife edge. The relative motion between the fixed mirror, M1 and the movable mirror M2 is measured in collimater

Lozenge functions as movable knife edge. In this system relative motion between the component and auto collimator will not affect the system. Sensitivity is 2 Micro strain It can measure static and dynamic strains.

Advantage Reduced Wiring as compare to Electrical Resistance Light weight when compared to others

ACOUSTICAL STRAIN GAUGE

Working Principle Frequency of vibration in test gauge is measured by comparing it with natural frequency of the wire. Vibrating steel wire tensioned between two supports at a predetermined distance. Variation of distance alters the natural frequency of wire.

An electromagnet adjacent to the wire is placed to set wire in vibration. This wire movement will then generate a oscillating electric signal. The signal may be compared with the pitch of an adjustable standard wire The visual display produced or CRO renders the wire adjustment easier

Tuning is now more usually accomplished by feeding the two signals in an oscillograph and making use of Lissajous figure formation to balance the frequencies. Matching of both the frequencies can be made easily using earphones.