CAUSES & EFFECTS OF THE ARAB-ISRAELI CONFLICT? AIM: WHAT WERE THE CAUSES & EFFECTS OF THE ARAB-ISRAELI CONFLICT? 4/13/13

or find another place to sleep? Who is entitled to the room? Using specific examples from your own experiences write a response to the following situation: What would you do if your brother, sister, or other family member came your room today and said that you have to make room for them and their stuff or find another place to sleep? Who is entitled to the room? Could you resolve the problem peacefully? How would the situation be different if your parents became involved? Could this situation be applied to groups within communities, cities, and nations? 4/13/13

3

I. AUSTRIAN JOURNALIST THEODORE HERZL 1. Herzl dreamed of NATIONAL HOMELAND for the Jews. Herzl’s movement was called ZIONISM. 4

5

II. THE ARAB-ISRAELI WARS a. A series of wars were fought between the Jewish sate of Israel and the various ISLAMIC STATES. RELIGION was the core issue, while political and economic contentions made the wars have a global significance. b. Areas of contention included the Gaza Strip, the West Bank, the Sinai Peninsula, and the Golan Heights.

1. WAR FOR INDEPENDENCE (1948-49):resulted in the creation of the Jewish state of Israel and Jerusalem falling under the control of the Israelis and the end to a proposed plan for an independent Palestinian state to be formed. 2. SUEZ WAR OF 1956: resulted in Nasser's Egypt losing control of the Sinai peninsula, threatening the stability of the SUEZ CANAL. 7

8

3. SIX-DAY WAR (1967): Arab nations attacked Israel and then lost territory to Israel in less than a week. 4. YOM KIPPUR WAR (1973) : Egyptian attack across the Sinai that became a Cold War event as the Americans and Soviets became involved. 5. Nasser's successor, ANWAR AL-SADAT, was the first Arab leader to recognize Israel as a nation. For this alone, he was assassinated. 9

6. The MAIN ISSUE between the Arab world and the Israelis has been PALESTINE. A large population of Arab people, the PALESTINIANS were promised a SOVEREIGN NATION at the end of WWII. 7. Plan ended with the arrival of the ISRAELIS and the beginning of the conflict. Since then Palestinians moved to countries in the Middle East including the nation of ISRAEL,and many have also immigrated to the United States. 10

9. Beginning in the 1960's, the Palestinian Liberation Organization (PLO) led by Yasir Arafat, has led Palestinians against Israel in a nationalistic movement for a sovereign Palestine. 10. Terrorism has been employed, and at present, the conflict has reached an alarming height again as terrorist bombings are being answered with Israeli attacks. 11

12

As a group develop your own resolution AIM: HOW SHOULD THE ARAB-ISRAELI CONFLICT BE RESOLVED? GROUP ACTIVITY& DISCUSSION Directions: Based on your prior knowledge and the sources, how do you think the Arab-Israeli conflict should be resolved? As a group develop your own resolution {3 provisions} to the Arab-Israeli Conflict.

AIM: HOW DID THE IRANIAN REVOLUTION AFFECT IRAN? 14

IRAN 15

16

17

a. Mohammad Reza Pahlavi in 1941 rules Iran. I. PROBLEMS IN IRAN a. Mohammad Reza Pahlavi in 1941 rules Iran. b. Continued Western reforms of his father & increased women’s rights. Infuriated Islamic fundamentalists who wanted to make Shariah- Islam the law of the land. c. People though demanded more reforms, rights, and freedoms . 18

II. THE IRANIAN REVOLUTION a. TWO SIDES SURFACED: 1. Shari'ah and Ulema, the other wanted Westernization. Two groups united & protests erupted on January 9, 1978 . 2. Protesters demanded that Khomeini return, police opened fire on the students & hundreds were killed between January and August 1978. 19

3. September 8, "BLACK FRIDAY," Iranian troops killed several hundred people. On September 9, the Shah declared martial law and imprisoned many of the revolutionaries. 20

4. KHOMEINI spoke regularly to Iran through "speeches". 5. Demonstrators seized gov’t buildings, shut down businesses with strikes, assassinated gov’t officials. 6. January 16, 1979- Shah left and Khomeini returned to Iran and declared a new ISLAMIC REPUBLIC . 21

III. KHOMEINI a. Under Khomeini's rule, Sharia was introduced, Islamic dress code enforced for both men and women. b. The Iranian educational curriculum was Islamicized. He promised many reforms but died before they were enacted in 1989. 22

23

24

Aim: How did the desire for oil cause the Gulf War? 25

How important is oil? What happens when the world’s oil runs out? What are the alternatives? Which of these opinion you agree with. Discuss how much truth there is in each one. The price of oil is too high. There is no answer to world demand for oil outstripping supply. Not enough is being done to find alternative energy sources. There will be a huge global economic crisis soon because of soaring oil prices. Oil-producing countries have too much power. Oil is the most important of earth’s resources. Oil companies make too much money and try to squeeze more from consumers. Hurricane Irene shows how fragile the oil industry is. 26

a. The Middle East controls two-thirds of the world’s oil reserves. I. OPEC a. The Middle East controls two-thirds of the world’s oil reserves. b. In 1960, the Middle East united with a few other oil-exporting countries, like Venezuela, to form OPEC (ORGANIZATION OF PETROLEUM EXPORTING COUNTRIES). c. OPEC members countries have controlled the price of oil since 1960. 27

II. THE PERSIAN GULF WAR a. Iraq invaded Kuwait in 1990 under Saddam Hussein . Iraq wanted to gain control of a greater percentage of the world’s oil reserves. The UN and U.S sent forces to drive the Iraqis out of Kuwait. b. Kuwait was liberated and Iraq was humiliated. Iraq was then subjected to UN monitoring, severe limitations on its military activities and economic sanctions. c. Hussein still remained in power, and held on to his brutal dictatorship for another 10 years. In 2005 Hussein was captured and was executed in December 2006. 28

29

30

31

III. TALIBAN AND AL QUEDA a. The Taliban formed in Afghanistan following the fall of the U.S.S.R (Soviet Union), they were an Islamic fundamentalist group. The gov’t imposed strict Islamic law. b. It was also a safe haven for Osama Bin Laden and his terrorist group Al Queda. Al Queda despises the United States, Saudi Arabia and Israel and it wants these countries removed to stop infecting Islamic culture. c. On Sept. 11 2001, Al Queda operatives attacked the World Trade Center in NYC. d. Al Queda also organized other attacks. The U.S and UN targeted and removed the Taliban from power. Al Queda in still a major terrorist threat. 32

33

34

35

36

37