The French Revolution & Napoleon (1789-1815) Salon: gathering ground for many who wished to discuss the ideas of the French Enlightenment Lead to revolutionary talk End o/t OLD ORDER (REGIME) class system based on the THREE ESTATES King Louis XVI Queen Marie Antoinette 1st (1%) ___________________ 2nd (2%)__________________ 3rd (97%)_________________ Bourgeoisie – top wealthy o/t 3rd Estate

Who is represented? What is the message?

CAUSES o/t French Revolution (July 1789) Wealth GAP Enlightenment Ideas Louis XVI policies Widespread hunger / cold The ESTATES GENERAL National Assembly is born July 1789: the Storming of the BASTILLE prison in Paris w/ numerous political prisoners marks the beginning o/t F.R.

Creating a New Nation Aug 1789: “Declaration o/t Right of Man and o/t Citizen” Liberty, equality, fraternity All men are born equal Freedom of speech, press & religion Sorry ladies, not yet. Ended rights o/t clergy 1791: Legislative Assembly War w/ Austria Aug 1792: National Convention Abolished the monarchy & declared France a Republic Thus? ______________________

France is a Republic Jacobins: radicals The Reign of Terror Jean-Paul MARAT M. Robespierre The Reign of Terror 1793-1794 Guillotine To stop any counter-revolutionaries Louis XVI & Marie Antoinette

NAPALEON BONAPARTE Born in Corsica proven military strategist Defeats Brits at Toulon Defeats Austria & Italy Napoleon seizes power Nov 1799 coup d’etat crowns himself King ruled as a Dictator

The Napoleonic Code Revision of French law Europe’s Map is redrawn Foundation of many European legal systems Bank of France Public education system K-12, Univ’s, tech schools Europe’s Map is redrawn spread Enlightenment ideas placed family & friends in power Continental System economic warfare blockaded Euro ports to England Battle of the Pyramids Attempted to disrupt British trade w/ India Defeated by British in Egypt

Napoleon’s Defeat 1812: March on Russia Russia was an ally of England Desire to disrupt trade btwn UK and Russia The GRAND ARMY Started w/ 600,000 soldiers Scorched Earth tactics Captured Moscow Russians burn t/ city Winter sets in @ 94,000 soldiers returned to France Battle o/t Nations Napoleon abdicates

Napoleon’s Exile, Return, and Defeat Napoleon exiled t/t Isle of Elba Monarch restored King Louis XVIII The Hundred Days war return of Napoleon Monarch v. the People European neighbors oppose his return Battle of Waterloo(1815) Napoleon defeated and returns to exile Isle of St. Helena, S. Atlantic Died in 1821

Congress of Vienna (winter of 1814-15) After fall of Napoleon Restore balance of power in Europe Restore borders Diplomacy NOT War Legitimacy: restoration o/t European monarchies Metternich of Austria was the most influential French Revolution encouraged revolts in Latin America HAITI