The French Revolution Day 2

PSD: “What is the Third Estate?” Written by Abbe Sieyes in 1789 Political pamphlet Pretty much shows us the social, political and economic complaints of the ________. (HTC: causes and consequences). Assemblee Nationale, Grands moments d’eloquence parlementaire, N.d., http://www.assemblee-nationale.fr/histoire/sieyes-mirabeau-bergasse-15-17juin1789.asp (Oct. 16, 2013).

Bastille – A Turning Point? Mount Holyoke College, The Fall of the Bastille, N.d., https://www.mtholyoke.edu/courses/rschwart/hist255/kat_anna/fallofbast.html (Oct. 15, 2013). ; Liberty, Equality, Fraternity: Exploring the French Revolution, Taking of the Bastille, N.d., http://chnm.gmu.edu/revolution/d/45/ (Oct. 15, 2013).

Violence in the Revolution Storming the Bastille by the Paris mob (led by bourgeoisie). What was the Bastille a symbol of? Bread riots led by women. What is the significance of bread? Peasant revolts against landlords in the countryside. They are reacting against __________.

PSD: “The Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen” In role in single-estate groups: Identify the article your estate likes most. Why? Identify one article your estate can live with. Why? Identify the article your estate hates the most. Why? Vocab: Calamities: disaster and distress Inalienable rights: That which is inalienable cannot be bought, sold, or transferred from one individual to another. Imprescriptible rights: those which can not be taken away Disquieted: worried or anxious

“The Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen” In role in mixed groups: What can you agree on? What can you agree to disagree on?

“The Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen” Out of Role: What is the bias of the document? What problems with the revolution are being foreshadowed here? Tensions? Disagreements?

Dealing with Religion Lynn Hunt, Introduction to Western Civilization, The French Revolution, UCLA, N.d., http://www.sscnet.ucla.edu/history/hunt/classes/1c/French%20Revolution.htm (Oct. 15, 2013).

Reform of the Church In July 1790 the National Assembly passed the Civil Constitution of the Clergy that… Nationalized (put under state control) church lands to raise money for the state Lowered the number of bishops Paid priests’ salaries by the state Required an oath of loyalty to France and the new constitution The overall theme that we are seeing here is ______________________.

Reform of the Church This split the clergy: Those who accepted the reforms were called the constitutional clergy Those who rejected them were called the refractory clergy Led to civil war in some regions of France (HTC: causes and consequences) In Role: Describe your comfort level on a scale of 0 -10 (0= extremely uncomfortable, 10=very comfortable) with the reform of the Church. 1 10

French Government in the First Phase of Revolution National Assembly abolished feudalism Started working on Constitution (eventually finished in 1791) National Assembly was a 1 house (unicameral) legislature (quicker changes can be made with only one house voting) Elected by 2/3 of Frenchmen called active voters (those who paid above a certain amount in taxes) The King had suspensive veto, meaning he could delay legislation, but not block it forever The King was in charge of foreign relations but he couldn’t declare war Basically it was a constitutional monarchy!

Constitutional Monarchy National Assembly Monarch Voters are mainly …

In Role… Reactions? Does the constitution favour the National Assembly or the king more? Would anyone like to adjust their comfort level on the scale? Out of Role: Foreshadowing: Tensions? Disagreements?

Sounds Good…What Went Wrong? The King tried to escape to the Austrian Netherlands in summer 1791 he was brought back to Paris Other nobles were leaving France (called emigres) Some were plotting the overthrow of this new government from outside of the country The National Assembly became the Legislative Assembly (after the constitution was finished) The Girondins (a political faction [group] within the National Assembly) declared war against the enemies of the revolution ( most of Europe) in 1792  wanted to take the revolution international and spread it

Louis Arrives Back in Paris David M. Luebke, University of Oregon, Modern Europe, N.d., http://pages.uoregon.edu/dluebke/301ModernEurope/Duplessi-BertauxReturnfromVarenne.jpg (Oct. 15, 2013).

What Went Wrong, con’t… The Sans Culottes (Paris workers, lower classes) were unhappy with their lack of power (they were not active citizens) They called for a National Convention to write a new constitution without a monarch This became the Second Revolution

Second Revolution Jacobins (a political group, mostly bourgeoisie) had the support of the Sans Culottes (Paris workers) They called for the execution of the king and the creation of a republic (gov’t without a monarchy) Louis XVI was executed by guillotine in 1793 Now Jacobins were in control of gov’t and wanted to eliminate any internal opposition to their regime This became known as the “Reign of Terror”

Adieu, Louis Lynn Hunt, Introduction to Western Civilization, The French Revolution, UCLA, N.d., http://www.sscnet.ucla.edu/history/hunt/classes/1c/French%20Revolution.htm (Oct. 15, 2013).

Recommended Reading Pages 165, 167, and 169