PROPERTIES OF CAPACITOR

Slides:



Advertisements
Similar presentations
Chapter 9 Capacitors.
Advertisements

Basic Electronics Ninth Edition Basic Electronics Ninth Edition ©2002 The McGraw-Hill Companies Grob Schultz.
Energy Storage Devices
Unit 2 Day 3: Electric Energy Storage Electric potential energy stored between capacitor plates Work done to add charge to the capacitor plates Energy.
AL Capacitor P.34. A capacitor is an electrical device for storing electric charge and energy. - consists of two parallel metal plates with an insulator.
Introductory Circuit Analysis Robert L. Boylestad
Energy Storage Devices. Objective of Lecture Describe the construction of a capacitor and how charge is stored. Introduce several types of capacitors.
Capacitors1 THE NATURE OF CAPACITANCE All passive components have three electrical properties Resistance, capacitance and inductance Capacitance is a measure.
Capacitance Al Penney VO1NO.
First Order Circuit Capacitors and inductors RC and RL circuits.
Energy Storage Devices. Capacitors Composed of two conductive plates separated by an insulator (or dielectric). Commonly illustrated as two parallel metal.
Capacitance Physics Department, New York City College of Technology.
Lesson 6 Capacitors and Capacitance
Chapter 6 Capacitors and Inductors
Capacitors and Inductors. Introduction Resistor: a passive element which dissipates energy only Two important passive linear circuit elements: 1)Capacitor.
ENGR. VIKRAM KUMAR B.E (ELECTRONICS) M.E (ELECTRONICS SYSTEM ENGG:) MUET JAMSHORO 1 CAPACITOR.
Storey: Electrical & Electronic Systems © Pearson Education Limited 2004 OHT 13.1 Capacitance and Electric Fields  Introduction  Capacitors and Capacitance.
Experiment 15 A Series RC Circuit
A capacitor is a device that stores electrical potential energy by building up a difference in charge on two pieces of metal.
Lec. (4) Chapter (2) AC- circuits Capacitors and transient current 1.
EGR 2201 Unit 8 Capacitors and Inductors  Read Alexander & Sadiku, Chapter 6.  Homework #8 and Lab #8 due next week.  Quiz next week.
Edexcel A2 Physics Unit 4 : Chapter 2.2: Capacitance Prepared By: Shakil Raiman.
22/12/2014.
Energy Storage Devices Prepared By : Shingala Nital ( ) Paghdal Radhika ( ) Bopaliya Mamta ( ) Guided By : Prof. Tank.
PH 0101 Unit-5 Lecture-91 Introduction Principle, construction and working of Ultracapacitor Advantage, disadvantage and application PH0101 UNIT-5 LECTURE.
 Devices that can store electric charge are called capacitors.  Capacitors consist of 2 conducting plates separated by a small distance containing an.
Fall 2001ENGR201 Capacitance & Inductance1 Capacitor, also called electrical condenser, device for storing an electrical charge. In its simplest form a.
Capacitors and Inductors Instructor: Chia-Ming Tsai Electronics Engineering National Chiao Tung University Hsinchu, Taiwan, R.O.C.
Chapter 1: Introduction and DC Circuit AZRALMUKMIN BIN AZMI.
1 © Unitec New Zealand DE4401 DC C APACITANCE AND CAPACITORS.
ELECTROMAGNETICS PREPARED BY: Patel Bhavik V Patel Nirav A. BE First Semester Electrical Engineering ACTIVE LEARNING ASSIGNMENTS.
305221, Computer Electrical Circuit Analysis การวิเคราะห์วงจรไฟฟ้าทาง คอมพิวเตอร์ 3(2-3-6) ณรงค์ชัย มุ่งแฝงกลาง คมกริช มาเที่ยง สัปดาห์ที่ 9 Reactive.
 BY: PAWAN JAISWAL En.no: PARTH SHAH En.no: Guided By: Prof. Ullash Gohil 1 st SEM Computer Engineering UNIVERSAL COLLEGE OF.
DC Electricity & Capacitors NCEA AS3.6 Text Chapters
Capacitance Physics Montwood High School R. Casao.
1 AGBell – EECT by Andrew G. Bell (260) Chapter 17 Capacitance.
Chapter 11 Capacitance. 2 Objectives –After completing this chapter, the student should be able to: Explain the principles of capacitance. Identify the.
Chapter 9 Capacitors. Objectives Describe the basic structure and characteristics of a capacitor Discuss various types of capacitors Analyze series capacitors.
Review: Kirchoff’s Rules Activity 13C Achieved level: Qn. 1; Merit: Qn. 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 Excellence: Qn. 3 d, 6 b) iv. Challenge Problem on paper at the front.
FUNDAMENTALS OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING [ ENT 163 ] LECTURE #5a CAPACITORS AND INDUCTORS HASIMAH ALI Programme of Mechatronics, School of Mechatronics Engineering,
Capacitor Device that can store electric charge Two conducting objects are placed near one another but not touching Power source charges up the plates,
CAPACITORS & CAPACITANCE
Lesson 11: Capacitors (Chapter 10) and Inductors (Chapter 11)
PES 1000 – Physics in Everyday Life
Electric Circuits Fall, 2014
Capacitors Capacitance is the ability of a component to store energy in the form of an electrostatic charge. A Capacitor is a component designed to provide.
Chapter 11 Capacitance.
Inductance and Capacitance
Capacitance and Dielectrics
Capacitors A capacitor is a device for storing charge and electrical potential energy. All capacitors consists of two metal plates separated by an insulator.
Prepared by T Vigneshkumar S Vijayakumar
Electric Potential AP Physics Chapter 17.
WORKSHOP PRACTICE WEEK-3 OBJECTIVE OF LAB-2 To be familiar with the capacitor and the inductor.
Dielectrics.
Electric Potential and Capacitance
Dielectrics.
electronics fundamentals
Practice #6—Electric Charge, Fields, and Capacitors
Dielectrics Action of a Dielectric
Potential Difference and Capacitance
FIGURE 12-1 A Leyden jar can be used to store an electrical charge.
Capacitor A device that stores energy by maintaining a separation between positive and negative charge. Can store electric charge / energy in the electric.
ELE 1001: Basic Electrical Technology Lecture 6 Capacitors
Chapter 9 Capacitors.
FIGURE 12-1 A Leyden jar can be used to store an electrical charge.
Electric Circuits Fall, 2017
Capacitance and Capacitors
Capacitor Is a device that stores energy by maintaining a separation between positive and negative charge. Compare stored energy / charge to a bucket.
C H A P T E R 5 Capacitance. C H A P T E R 5 Capacitance.
Automotive Technology Principles, Diagnosis, and Service
Presentation transcript:

PROPERTIES OF CAPACITOR UNIVERSAL COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY SUBJECT: ELEMENTS OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING(2110005) PROPERTIES OF CAPACITOR 1st SEM Computer Engineering BY: PAWAN JAISWAL En.no: 130460107016 PARTH SHAH En.no: 130460107063 Guided By: Prof. Ullash Gohil

Capacitors Energy Storage Devices A CAPACITOR IS ADEVICE CAPABLE OF STORING THE ELECTRIC CHARGE. IN ITS ELEMENTARY FORM CONSIST OF TWO CONDUCTING SURFACE SEPARATED BY AN INSULATING MATERIAL OR DIELECTRIC IN BETWEEN. CAPACITOR STORES ENERGY IN ELECTRIC FIELD.

Capacitors Composed of two conductive plates separated by an insulator (or dielectric). Commonly illustrated as two parallel metal plates separated by a distance, d. C = e A/d where e = er eo er is the relative dielectric constant eo is the vacuum permittivity

Types of Capacitors Fixed Capacitors Nonpolarized Electrolytic May be connected into circuit with either terminal of capacitor connected to the high voltage side of the circuit. Insulator: Paper, Mica, Ceramic, Polymer Electrolytic The negative terminal must always be at a lower voltage than the positive terminal Plates or Electrodes: Aluminum, Tantalum

Variable Capacitors Cross-sectional area is changed as one set of plates are rotated with respect to the other. PSpice Symbol

MEMS Capacitor MEMS (Microelectromechanical system) Can be a variable capacitor by changing the distance between electrodes. Use in sensing applications as well as in RF electronics.

Electric Double Layer Capacitor Also known as a supercapacitor or ultracapacitor Used in high voltage/high current applications. Energy storage for alternate energy systems.

Electrical Properties of a Capacitor Acts like an open circuit at steady state when connected to a d.c. voltage or current source. Voltage on a capacitor must be continuous There are no abrupt changes to the voltage, but there may be discontinuities in the current. An ideal capacitor does not dissipate energy, it takes power when storing energy and returns it when discharging.

Energy Storage Charge is stored on the plates of the capacitor. Equation: Q = CV Units: Farad = Coulomb/Voltage Farad is abbreviated as F

Sign Conventions The sign convention used with a capacitor is the same as for a power dissipating device. When current flows into the positive side of the voltage across the capacitor, it is positive and the capacitor is dissipating power. When the capacitor releases energy back into the circuit, the sign of the current will be negative.

Charging a Capacitor At first, it is easy to store charge in the capacitor. As more charge is stored on the plates of the capacitor, it becomes increasingly difficult to place additional charge on the plates. Coulombic repulsion from the charge already on the plates creates an opposing force to limit the addition of more charge on the plates. Voltage across a capacitor increases rapidly as charge is moved onto the plates when the initial amount of charge on the capacitor is small. Voltage across the capacitor increases more slowly as it becomes difficult to add extra charge to the plates.

Discharging a Capacitor At first, it is easy to remove charge in the capacitor. Coulombic repulsion from charge already on the plates creates a force that pushes some of the charge out of the capacitor once the force (voltage) that placed the charge in the capacitor is removed (or decreased). As more charge is removed from the plates of the capacitor, it becomes increasingly difficult to get rid of the small amount of charge remaining on the plates. Coulombic repulsion decreases as charge spreads out on the plates. As the amount of charge decreases, the force needed to drive the charge off of the plates decreases. Voltage across a capacitor decreases rapidly as charge is removed from the plates when the initial amount of charge on the capacitor is small. Voltage across the capacitor decreases more slowly as it becomes difficult to force the remaining charge out of the capacitor.

Summary Capacitors are energy storage devices. An ideal capacitor act like an open circuit at steady state when a DC voltage or current has been applied. The voltage across a capacitor must be a continuous function; the current flowing through a capacitor can be discontinuous.