3-23-10 “This is not a jungle war, but a struggle for freedom on every front of human activity.” -Lyndon B. Johnson

1. How was Korea divided when WWII ended? Japan surrendered it to both the SU and the US. North of the 38th Parallel was Communist and industrial, South was non-communist and rural. 2. How did the Soviets aide N. Korea? They gave tanks, airplanes, and money in an attempt to take over the peninsula. 3. Why did Truman resolve to help S. Korea? To resist Communist influence.

4. Why were the Soviets absent from the UN vote? They had boycotted the council to protest the seating of Nationalist China (Taiwan) rather than mainland china (Peoples Republic) in the UN. 5. What is the line that separates North and South Korea? The 38th parallel 6. What was MacArthur’s suggestion for China? How did Truman disagree? He called for a nuclear attack against the Chinese. Truman wanted to prevent a world war not start a new one.

7. What is the capital of S. Korea? Seoul 8. What has been the outcome of the war in N. Korea? It remained Communist, Collective Farms, Heavy Industry and weapons were built. It has serious economic problems and struggles with shortages in energy and food. 9. What has been the outcome of the war in S. Korea? It prospered. Developed industry and boosted trade, has one of the highest economic growth rates in the world. 10. How are North and South Korea different? N. Korea remains communist and opposes reunification. S. Korea is friendly and has aided N. Korea.

11. What was the main reason the US aided Vietnam? To halt the spread of Communism. 12. What country controlled much of SE Asia in the early 1900’s? France 13. Who was the young nationalist leader in Vietnam? Ho Chi Minh

14. Who did he turn to for support? The communists 15. How did Vietnam change during WWII? It was taken over by the Japanese, the Vietminh league was formed to push for independence. 16. Where did the Vietminh have strong support? In the countryside

17. How did the domino theory justify US involvement in SE Asia? If Vietnam fell to Communism the rest of SE Asia was vulnerable to fall. 18. Describe Vietnam as a divided country: US backed South Vietnam was controlled by Ngo Dinh Diem, an unpopular dictator, Communist North Vietnam was led by popular Ho Chi Minh, who pushed for land redistribution. 19. Who were the Vietcong? Communist guerillas who opposed the corrupt government of Diem.

20. Why did the US get involved in Vietnam? To try to stop the spread of Communism. 21. What was the action that caused President Johnson to send troops into Vietnam? The North Vietnamese had attacked two American destroyers in the Gulf of Tonkin. 22. What were the two main difficulties faced by the Americans? Fighting a guerilla war in unfamiliar jungle terrain, the South Vietnamese government they were defending was becoming steadily more unpopular.

23. How did the Americans tactics strengthen the opposition? They bombed millions of acres of farmland and forest in attempt to destroy enemy hideouts. This strengthened the peasants’ opposition to the South Vietnamese gov. 24. How did Nixon plan to end the war? Vietnamization, pull out US troops and replace them with South Vietnamese troops. 25. What was the main result of the war? North Vietnam overran South Vietnam. Communism spread. Over 1.5 million Vietnamese and 58,000 Americans were killed.

26. Summarize the events in Cambodia: The Khmer Rouge, under Pol Pot, set up a brutal Communist government. 2 million Cambodians killed by the regime, Vietnamese invasion in 1978 overthrew the Khmer Rouge, stay in power until 1989, in 1993 Cambodia adopts democratic constitution and hold free elections 27. What happened to refugees from Vietnam? Many died trying to escape to freedom, most lived in refugee camps scattered across SE Asia, 70,000 eventually settled in the US and Canada. 28. How have relations between Vietnam and the US changed in the past 20 years? The US has lifted its trade embargo with Vietnam and now is investing in the country.

1. About how many Americans died in the Vietnam War? 5,800    58,000    580,000    5,800,000

2.  Which battle of the Vietnam War marked the turning point of the war -- the point at which the U.S. began to pull out?  the Tet Offensive    the attack in the Gulf of Tonkin    the battle for the Ia Drang Valley    the 1972 Christmas bombing of Hanoi

Dean Rusk George Ball McGeorge Bundy Robert McNamara 3.  Which of President Johnson's advisors at first supported an escalation of the war, but later changed his mind? Dean Rusk     George Ball     McGeorge Bundy    Robert McNamara

4. What did the Tonkin Resolution allow President Johnson to do? end the Vietnam War    prevent enemy warships from passing through the Tonkin Gulf    use military force against the Vietnamese without declaring war    use any force against the South Vietnamese that he found necessary

5. How many of the battles in Vietnam did the U.S. Army win? all of them    none of them    almost all of them    almost none of them

6.  On March 31, 1968, with what news did President Johnson stun the nation? He was ending the war in Vietnam.    He was tripling the U.S. forces in Vietnam.    He would not run for a second term as President.    He was withdrawing all U.S. troops from Vietnam.

Korean War Memorial