An Introduction to Numbers “God’s Warning to Us” January 29, 2017 Through the Bible in a Year Xavier Reyna, Director Ben Compere, Editor Wayman Lim, Choir Director Anthony Smith, Sergeant at Arms “It took only forty hours to get Israel out of Egypt; but it took forty years to get Egypt out of Israel.” J. Sidlow Baxter, “Explore the Book” “not one of those who saw my glory and the signs I performed in Egypt and in the wilderness but who disobeyed me and tested me ten times— not one of them will ever see the land I promised on oath to their ancestors.” Numbers 14:22,23 (NIV)

We Will Look Briefly at These Topics Agenda We Will Look Briefly at These Topics Introduction Numbers & History Numbers & the Pentateuch Summary Structure Analysis Content Bible’s Use of Numbers Themes Review Application Conclusion Test “It is a complex story of unfaithfulness, rebellion, apostasy and frustration set against the background of God’s faithfulness and forbearance.” LaSor, Hubbard and Bush, “Old Testament Survey ” “not one of those who saw my glory and the signs I performed in Egypt and in the wilderness but who disobeyed me and tested me ten times— not one of them will ever see the land I promised on oath to their ancestors.” Numbers 14:22,23 (NIV)

An Introduction to a Book of the Bible Provides Three Things: Information: general information about the book Insights: to enhance a more detailed study of the book Incentive: whets your appetite to pursue further study of the book “not one of those who saw my glory and the signs I performed in Egypt and in the wilderness but who disobeyed me and tested me ten times— not one of them will ever see the land I promised on oath to their ancestors.” Numbers 14:22,23 (NIV)

What the Book of Numbers Teaches Us Lesson What the Book of Numbers Teaches Us Israel’s continual rebellion against God (in spite of his faithfulness to His covenant) is a constant warning to us of the consequences of disobedience. “not one of those who saw my glory and the signs I performed in Egypt and in the wilderness but who disobeyed me and tested me ten times— not one of them will ever see the land I promised on oath to their ancestors.” Numbers 14:22,23 (NIV)

Numbers Covers 40 Years of Old Testament History (1446-1406 BC) Numbers & History Numbers Covers 40 Years of Old Testament History (1446-1406 BC) Numbers “not one of those who saw my glory and the signs I performed in Egypt and in the wilderness but who disobeyed me and tested me ten times— not one of them will ever see the land I promised on oath to their ancestors.” Numbers 14:22,23 (NIV)

The Chronology of the Pentateuch From Creation to Canaan Numbers & History The Chronology of the Pentateuch From Creation to Canaan Creation Canaan “not one of those who saw my glory and the signs I performed in Egypt and in the wilderness but who disobeyed me and tested me ten times— not one of them will ever see the land I promised on oath to their ancestors.” Numbers 14:22,23 (NIV)

Numbers Is Part of the Pentateuch (First Five Books of the Bible) The Pentateuch is referred to in Scripture as the “Law” or the “Books of Moses.” “not one of those who saw my glory and the signs I performed in Egypt and in the wilderness but who disobeyed me and tested me ten times— not one of them will ever see the land I promised on oath to their ancestors.” Numbers 14:22,23 (NIV)

Deuteronomy as Epilogue Pentateuch Numbers Must Be Interpreted in Context of the Pentateuch Be Properly Understood Promise Renewal GENESIS DEUTERONOMY Presence Testing EXODUS LEVITICUS NUMBERS Genesis as Prologue Deuteronomy as Epilogue Holiness “The material in Numbers cannot be understood apart from what precedes it in Exodus and Leviticus. The middle books of the Pentateuch hang closely together, with Genesis forming a prologue, and Deuteronomy the epilogue to the collection.” Gordon J. Wenham, “Numbers” “not one of those who saw my glory and the signs I performed in Egypt and in the wilderness but who disobeyed me and tested me ten times— not one of them will ever see the land I promised on oath to their ancestors.” Numbers 14:22,23 (NIV)

The Content of the Pentateuch Text Content: Notice the centrality of the “covenant” Genesis 1-11 Creation, fall, judgment Genesis 12-50 Selection of Abraham , covenant promise (12:1-3),and providential preservation of his family Exodus Miraculous deliverance of Yahweh’s people from bondage in Egypt, covenant relationship expanded to Israel as His people at Sinai and giving of the law as a theocratic charter for Israel. The tabernacle. Leviticus Expansion of the covenant law for the purpose of holiness among the people of Yahweh since he will dwell in their midst Numbers Testing, purging and purifying of Yahweh’s people in the Sinai wilderness wandering Deuteronomy Covenant renewal and the second law giving as preparation for entry into the land of promise by the second geneation of Yahweh’s people “The record of Israel’s journey form Sinai to the plains of Moab continues the narratives of Exodus and Leviticus and helps explain the Hebrew presence in the land of Canaan.” Hill and Walton, “A Survey of the Old Testament” “not one of those who saw my glory and the signs I performed in Egypt and in the wilderness but who disobeyed me and tested me ten times— not one of them will ever see the land I promised on oath to their ancestors.” Numbers 14:22,23 (NIV)

The Lord’s Covenant with Abraham Pentateuch 1 The LORD had said to Abram, “Go from your country, your people and your father’s household to the land I will show you. 2 “I will make you into a great nation, and I will bless you; I will make your name great, and you will be a blessing. 3 I will bless those who bless you, and whoever curses you I will curse; and all peoples on earth will be blessed through you.” Genesis 12:1-3 NIV The promise of land, nation and blessing: Gen 12:1-3 The covenant confirming the promise: Gen 15: 1-21; Gen 17:1-27; Gen 22:15-18 The covenant passed on to Isaac: Gen 17:19; Gen 21:12; Gen 26:1-6, 23,24 Jacob: Gen 28:10-15; Gen 35:11-13 Blessed to be a blessing “It was in Haran that the Lord called Abraham in words whose importance reverberate through the canon.” Dillard and Longman, “An Introduction to the Old Testament” “not one of those who saw my glory and the signs I performed in Egypt and in the wilderness but who disobeyed me and tested me ten times— not one of them will ever see the land I promised on oath to their ancestors.” Numbers 14:22,23 (NIV)

The Lord’s Covenant with Abraham and the Book of Numbers Pentateuch The Lord’s Covenant with Abraham and the Book of Numbers Israel was to travel to the land promised them by the Lord through Abraham (Gen. 12:1-3) In the land the Lord would make of them a great nation Through this nation (Israel) all the nations of the world would be blessed This is why the report of the spies and rebellion of the people at Kadesh (chapters 13 and 14) is the most critical part of the book of Numbers (and why the punishment was so severe). The nation failed to accept what the Lord had given to it and thereby delayed the fulfillment of the promises of the covenant with Abraham. In effect they were saying we are abdicating our responsibility to be a blessing to the rest of humanity. “not one of those who saw my glory and the signs I performed in Egypt and in the wilderness but who disobeyed me and tested me ten times— not one of them will ever see the land I promised on oath to their ancestors.” Numbers 14:22,23 (NIV)

Summary Summary of the Content Numbers links of the book of Exodus and Deuteronomy. It begins with Israel at the foot of Sinai preparing to travel to Canaan, the land of promise. After sending spies into Canaan and hearing their report, the people decide to reject the advice to enter the land. God is furious and wants to destroy them but Moses intercedes for the people. The Lord allows them to wander for 40 years in the desert until the old generation has all died. New preparations are made to enter the land and Israel stands poised on the plains of Moab as the book closes. At issue is whether Israel will keep covenant with God – and Numbers reminds you over and over again that the divine provisions for them to do so are always ready at hand. Fee and Stuart, “How to Read the Bible Book by Book” “not one of those who saw my glory and the signs I performed in Egypt and in the wilderness but who disobeyed me and tested me ten times— not one of them will ever see the land I promised on oath to their ancestors.” Numbers 14:22,23 (NIV)

Numbers Is Heavily Dependent on Geography Structure Numbers Is Heavily Dependent on Geography Moab Numbers 22:1-36:13 Kadesh Numbers 13:1-20:21 Egypt Exodus 1-11 Kadesh to Moab Numbers 20:22-21:35 Egypt to Sinai Exodus 12-18 Sinai to Kadesh Numbers 10:11-12:16 Sinai Exodus 19-40 Numbers 1-10

The Death of the Old Generation and the Rise of the New Analysis The Death of the Old Generation and the Rise of the New Preparation of the Old Generation to Enter the Land (1:1-10:10) Failure of the Old Generation to Enter the Land (10:11-20:21) Preparation of the New Generation to Enter the Land (20:22-36:13) “… the basic message of Numbers – the faithfulness of Yahweh in the face of Israel’s rebellion and the dire consequences attached to disobedience.” Hill and Walton, “A Survey of the Old Testament” “not one of those who saw my glory and the signs I performed in Egypt and in the wilderness but who disobeyed me and tested me ten times— not one of them will ever see the land I promised on oath to their ancestors.” Numbers 14:22,23 (NIV)

Analysis The Wilderness Wandering Occupies 38 of 40 Years But Only 6 of 36 Chapters Sinai to Kadesh About 11 days At Kadesh About 40 days Kadesh to Moab “The book of Numbers is basically silent on the events that occurred during the thirty-eight years of desert wanderings. This silence reflects the book’s primary purpose. Numbers is not a history of Israel but an essay about the consequences of disobedience.” b Arnold and Beyer, “Encountering the Old Testament” “not one of those who saw my glory and the signs I performed in Egypt and in the wilderness but who disobeyed me and tested me ten times— not one of them will ever see the land I promised on oath to their ancestors.” Numbers 14:22,23 (NIV)

Analysis The Purpose of Numbers Deals with Preparing Israel to Enter the Promised Land To fill-in the historical period from the Exodus and Sinai to the preparations in Moab to enter the Promised Land To explain that the 38 year period in the wilderness was a consequence for the unbelief of the older generation To demonstrate God’s faithfulness against the unfaithfulness of Israel’s To present laws as case studies which do not have a precedent in what has been spoken thus far. To narrate the preparation of Israel for entry into the Promise Land by describing the journey from Sinai to the region beyond Jordan “… the basic message of Numbers – the faithfulness of Yahweh in the face of Israel’s rebellion and the dire consequences attached to disobedience.” Hill and Walton, “A Survey of the Old Testament” “not one of those who saw my glory and the signs I performed in Egypt and in the wilderness but who disobeyed me and tested me ten times— not one of them will ever see the land I promised on oath to their ancestors.” Numbers 14:22,23 (NIV)

The Content of Numbers Includes Both Instruction and Events 1:1-10:10 10:11-20:21 20:22-36:13 Preparation of the Old Generation to Enter the Land Failure of the Old Generation to Enter the Land Preparation of the New Generation to Enter the Land Census Cleansing laws Offerings Levites’ dedication Passover Trumpets Grumbling for hardship Rebellion Aaron, Miriam Spies report Rebellion of the people Korah’s rebellion Duties of priests & Levites Water from the rock Death of Aaron Defeat of Arad Bronze snake Journey to Moab Balak and Balaam Israel worships Baal Laws: land, offerings, vows Battles: Midian, Transjordan Camp sites Laws of land “not one of those who saw my glory and the signs I performed in Egypt and in the wilderness but who disobeyed me and tested me ten times— not one of them will ever see the land I promised on oath to their ancestors.” Numbers 14:22,23 (NIV)

The Two Censuses: Preparation to Enter the Land Content The Two Censuses: Preparation to Enter the Land First census (1:1-4:46) Determine the men fit for military service (over 20 years old) by tribe (603,550) Determine the Levites for Tabernacle service Second census (26:1-65) Determine the men fit for military service (over 20 years old) by tribe (601,730) Determine the basis for the allocation of the land “not one of those who saw my glory and the signs I performed in Egypt and in the wilderness but who disobeyed me and tested me ten times— not one of them will ever see the land I promised on oath to their ancestors.” Numbers 14:22,23 (NIV)

The Report of the Spies: The Critical Point Chapters 13 and 14 Content The Report of the Spies: The Critical Point Chapters 13 and 14 The people refuse (not fail) to enter the land God had given them These people are not the type the Lord wants or needs to fulfill his purposes of being a blessing to all the nations This is why the Lord chose to wait until the exodus generation had died off before allowing Israel to enter the land “The critical turning point of Numbers may be seen in chapter 14 when Israel rejects God by refusing to go up and conquer the Promised Land. God judges Israel ‘according to the number of days in which you spied out the land, forty days, for each day you shall bear your guilt one year, namely forty years, and you shall know my rejection.’ ” Wilkinson and Boa, “Talk Thru the Old Testament” “not one of those who saw my glory and the signs I performed in Egypt and in the wilderness but who disobeyed me and tested me ten times— not one of them will ever see the land I promised on oath to their ancestors.” Numbers 14:22,23 (NIV)

The Report of the Spies: This Land is the Land Content The Report of the Spies: This Land is the Land All of God’s miraculous works to preserve Israel had lead them to this moment: to enter the land God had promised them through Abraham (Gen 12:1-3) The spies’ reports confirmed that the land they had just spied was the land they were promised: Predicted in Exodus 3:8,17; 13:5; 33:3 as a land “flowing with milk and honey” All 12 spies recognize that the land they spied was a land “flowing with milk and honey” (Numbers13:27) “This of course is a contradiction of the age-old promise to Abraham that his descendants would inherit the land, and a denial of the whole purpose of the exodus from Egypt.” G. J. Wenham, “Exploring the Old Testament: Guide to the Pentateuch “not one of those who saw my glory and the signs I performed in Egypt and in the wilderness but who disobeyed me and tested me ten times— not one of them will ever see the land I promised on oath to their ancestors.” Numbers 14:22,23 (NIV)

The Balaam Oracles: Chapters 22-24 Content Text Title 22:2-6 Introduction 22:7-14 Balaam’s 1st encounter with God 22:15-20 Balaam’s 2nd encounter with God 22:21-35 Balaam’s 3rd encounter with God 22:36-40 22:41-23:12 Balaam’s 1st blessing on Israel 23:13-26 Balaam’s 2nd blessing on Israel 23:27-24:25 Balaam’s 3rd blessing on Israel The Balaam Oracles: Chapters 22-24 The Lord turns Balaam’s “curses” into “blessings” These blessings mirror the Lord’s promise to Abraham in Gen 12:1-3 Great nation: 23:10 Blessing: 23:21-23 Land: 24:5-7 Blessing to nations: 24:16,17 “The inclusion of the Balaam oracles in the Numbers narrative enhances the basic message of Yahweh’s covenant faithfulness to Israel by reminding them they are a “blessed” people (22:12), nurtured and protected by Yahweh’s very presence.” Hill and Walton, “A Survey of the Old Testament” “not one of those who saw my glory and the signs I performed in Egypt and in the wilderness but who disobeyed me and tested me ten times— not one of them will ever see the land I promised on oath to their ancestors.” Numbers 14:22,23 (NIV)

Content Baal Worship: Chapter 25 Moabite women used sexual enticement to get the men of Israel to attend pagan worship services These were the type of temptations Israel would face in the land of promise Therefore, the Lord took radical action to eliminate the threat Phinehas’ courageous action turned away God’s wrath on the people “Militarily, Israel was doing well. Their enemies were terrified (22:3), and the man summoned to put a curse on Israel had instead spoken God’s blessing (24:8,9). But the Israelites were vulnerable to sexual temptation. Moabite women offered sexual favors, then invited the foreigners to local religious services. (Numbers 31:16 reports that Balaam suggested the tactic). It is an old method of subverting God’s people, and it still works.” Philip Yancey “not one of those who saw my glory and the signs I performed in Egypt and in the wilderness but who disobeyed me and tested me ten times— not one of them will ever see the land I promised on oath to their ancestors.” Numbers 14:22,23 (NIV)

Baal Worship and the Golden Calf Content Baal Worship and the Golden Calf Event Exodus Golden Calf Numbers Baal Worship People sacrifice to other gods 32:6 25:2 Killing of apostates demanded 32:27 25:5 Levites’(Phinehas’) status enhanced 32:28-29 25:6-13 Plague on the people 32:35 25:9 “These parallels suggest that the people have learnt very little from their previous mistakes. But perhaps there is a glimmer of hope, in that Aaron was the ringleader of the golden calf episode but his grandson Phinehas is exemplary in his loyalty in the plains of Moab” G. J. Wenham, “Exploring the Old Testament: Guide to the Pentateuch “not one of those who saw my glory and the signs I performed in Egypt and in the wilderness but who disobeyed me and tested me ten times— not one of them will ever see the land I promised on oath to their ancestors.” Numbers 14:22,23 (NIV)

Battles Fought in Numbers Content Battles Fought in Numbers Verses Place Opponent King Aggressor Victor 14:45 Hormah Amalekites and Canaanites Israel 21:1-3 Arad 21:21-25 Jahaz Amorites Sihon 21:33-35 Edrei Bashan Og 31:1-12 Midian Evi, Rekem, Zur, Hur, Reha Notice that all the battles that Israel won were near the end of the 40 years when the old generation was on the verge of extinction. “not one of those who saw my glory and the signs I performed in Egypt and in the wilderness but who disobeyed me and tested me ten times— not one of them will ever see the land I promised on oath to their ancestors.” Numbers 14:22,23 (NIV)

Numbers and the Bible Old Testament New Testament Deuteronomy Chs 1-4 Bible’s Use of Numbers Numbers and the Bible Old Testament Deuteronomy Chs 1-4 Nehemiah 9:16-21 Psalm 78:14-39 Psalm 95 Psalm 105: 37-41 Psalm 106: 24-33, 44-46 New Testament John 3:14,15; 6:48-51 Acts 7: 35-44 1 Corinthians 10:1-13 Hebrews 3:7- 4:11 Jude 1:11 Revelation 2:14 Biblical authors often use the story of the book of Numbers to WARN their audiences not to repeat the sin and rebellion of the Israelites in the wilderness. “The significant part of Israel’s story we find recorded in Numbers had a long history in Israel’s memory stressing God’s faithfulness to his people despite their many failures.” Fee and Stuart, “How to Read the Bible Book by Book” “not one of those who saw my glory and the signs I performed in Egypt and in the wilderness but who disobeyed me and tested me ten times— not one of them will ever see the land I promised on oath to their ancestors.” Numbers 14:22,23 (NIV)

Paul Uses “Numbers” to Warn the Corinthians About the Consequences of Idolatry Bible’s Use of Numbers  For I do not want you to be ignorant of the fact, brothers, that our forefathers were all under the cloud [cf. Num 9:15-23] and that they all passed through the sea [cf. Num 33:8]. They were all baptized into Moses in the cloud and in the sea. They all ate the same spiritual food [cf. Num 11:4 ff] and drank the same spiritual drink; for they drank from the spiritual rock that accompanied them, and that rock was Christ [cf. Num 20:2-13] Nevertheless, God was not pleased with most of them; their bodies were scattered over the desert [cf. Num 26:64.65] Now these things occurred as examples to keep us from setting our hearts on evil things as they did. Do not be idolaters, as some of them were; as it is written: "The people sat down to eat and drink and got up to indulge in pagan revelry.” We should not commit sexual immorality, as some of them did—and in one day twenty-three thousand of them died. [cf. Num 25] We should not test the Lord, as some of them did—and were killed by snakes. [cf. Num 21:4-9] And do not grumble, as some of them did—and were killed by the destroying angel.[cf. Num 11:1ff, 14:1ff, 16:42ff] These things happened to them as examples and were written down as WARNINGS for us, on whom the fulfillment of the ages has come. 1 Cor 10:1-11 “not one of those who saw my glory and the signs I performed in Egypt and in the wilderness but who disobeyed me and tested me ten times— not one of them will ever see the land I promised on oath to their ancestors.” Numbers 14:22,23 (NIV)

Hints of Jesus in Numbers Bible’s Use of Numbers Hints of Jesus in Numbers Event Numbers New Testament Manna 11:6-9 John 6:48-51 The Rock 20:2-10 1 Cor 10:4 The Bronze Serpent 21:6-9 John 3:14,15 Manna The Rock Bronze Serpent “not one of those who saw my glory and the signs I performed in Egypt and in the wilderness but who disobeyed me and tested me ten times— not one of them will ever see the land I promised on oath to their ancestors.” Numbers 14:22,23 (NIV)

Themes in the Book of Numbers “The Lord said to Moses” Faithfulness of the Lord to his covenant with Abraham, Isaac and Jacob The grumbling, complaining and rebelling of the people of Israel The intercession of Moses to the Lord to reduce the judgment on the rebellious people A theme is a unifying idea or image which is repeated or developed throughout a book. “not one of those who saw my glory and the signs I performed in Egypt and in the wilderness but who disobeyed me and tested me ten times— not one of them will ever see the land I promised on oath to their ancestors.” Numbers 14:22,23 (NIV)

“The Lord Said to Moses” Themes “The Lord Said to Moses” This phrase appears over 80 times in the book of Numbers or about twice a chapter. Clear evidence that these commands were of divine origin and not from Moses’ own imagination. The Lord spoke to Moses in a unique and intimate way. “I speak with him face to face, Even plainly, and not in dark sayings…” Numbers 12:8 (KJV) “… the introductory formula ‘and the Lord said to Moses’ appears in every chapter of the book.” Hill and Walton, “A Survey of the Old Testament” “not one of those who saw my glory and the signs I performed in Egypt and in the wilderness but who disobeyed me and tested me ten times— not one of them will ever see the land I promised on oath to their ancestors.” Numbers 14:22,23 (NIV)

Faithfulness Of The Lord Themes The Covenant The covenant made with Abraham, Isaac and then Jacob (Gen 12:1-3) Provide a land to dwell in Make a great nation Blessed to be a blessing to the nations 1 The LORD had said to Abram, “Go from your country, your people and your father’s household to the land I will show you. 2 “I will make you into a great nation, and I will bless you; I will make your name great, and you will be a blessing. 3 I will bless those who bless you, and whoever curses you I will curse; and all peoples on earth will be blessed through you.” Gen 12:1-3 NIV “not one of those who saw my glory and the signs I performed in Egypt and in the wilderness but who disobeyed me and tested me ten times— not one of them will ever see the land I promised on oath to their ancestors.” Numbers 14:22,23 (NIV)

Examples of the Lord’s Faithfulness Themes Examples of the Lord’s Faithfulness Communicating directly with Moses, the leader Taking the census for military and organizational purposes (Chapters 1-4, 26) Providing laws for purity (Chapters (5-9) Supplying a means of direction via a pillar of cloud and fire and trumpets (Chapters 9, 10) Providing manna and quail to eat (Chapter 11) Giving Israel water from the rock (Chapter 20) Healing of the bronze snake (Chapter 21) Reversing the curses of Balaam (Chapters 22-24) Providing a successor to Moses (Chapter 27) “The central and unifying theme of the book of Numbers is the faithfulness of God to fulfill his promises to his people even when they rebel against him.” R D Cole , “Numbers” “not one of those who saw my glory and the signs I performed in Egypt and in the wilderness but who disobeyed me and tested me ten times— not one of them will ever see the land I promised on oath to their ancestors.” Numbers 14:22,23 (NIV)

The Grumbling, Complaining and Rebelling of Israel Themes The Grumbling, Complaining and Rebelling of Israel Verses Place Complaint Result 11:1-4 Taberah Hardships Lord burned them with fire until Moses interceded. 11:4-35 Kibroth Hattaavah (craving) No Meat to Eat The Lord gave them quail to eat and struck them with a severe plague. 12:1-16 Hazeroth Miriam and Aaron Rebel Miriam struck with leprosy, Aaron repents and Moses intercedes for Miriam 13:1-14:44 Kadesh-barnea Spies Report and Israel’s Rebellion Israel refuses to enter the land after the spies report. The Lord is angry but forgives them due to Moses intercession. The Lord promises no one over 20 years old will enter the land but will die in the desert except for Joshua and Caleb. 16:1-40 Korah’s Rebellion Korah, Dathan and Abiram led a revolt against Moses’ leadership apparently over the priesthood. The Lord wanted to destroy many but Moses and Aaron interceded. Only Korah and his followers were destroyed - swallowed up by the earth. 16:41-50 The Assembly Complains The people complained after the judgment on Korah. The Lord sent plagues killing 14,700 and once again Moses and Aaron interceeed to stop the judgment. 17:1-12 Aaron’s Budding Rod Among 12 rods placed in the tabernacle only Aaron’s budded (and blossomed and bore fruit) showing he was chosen by the Lord. 20:1-13 Meribah (quareling) Water from the Rock Israel complained about the lack of water. The lord told Moses to speak to a rock to get water but Moses, angry at Israel struck the rock twice. As a judgment he was prohibited from entering the land 21:4-9 By Sea of Reeds The Brazen Serpent The people complained and the Lord sent poisonous snakes among them. Moses prayed at the people’s request and the Lord had him make a bonze snake that healed the people as they gazed on it. "How long will this wicked community grumble against me? I have heard the complaints of these grumbling Israelites. Numbers 14:27

The Grumbling, Complaining and Rebelling of Israel Themes The Grumbling, Complaining and Rebelling of Israel Elements of the “Grumbling” Episodes The people’s complaint God’s anger and judgment Moses’ intercession Naming of the place "How long will this wicked community grumble against me? I have heard the complaints of these grumbling Israelites. Numbers 14:27 “not one of those who saw my glory and the signs I performed in Egypt and in the wilderness but who disobeyed me and tested me ten times— not one of them will ever see the land I promised on oath to their ancestors.” Numbers 14:22,23 (NIV)

The Grumbling, Complaining and Rebelling of Israel Themes The Grumbling, Complaining and Rebelling of Israel Please, notice that grumbling and complaining is not present in the first 10 chapters as Moses prepares Israel to march to the promised land. Then there is a rash of grumbling in chapters 11-21 with the climax coming with the spy induced rebellion of chapters 13 and 14. Finally, grumbling is absent from chapters 22 onward mostly likely because of the deaths of rebels such as Korah, Aaron and Miriam, the 12 spies and many of the people of the exodus generation. "How long will this wicked community grumble against me? I have heard the complaints of these grumbling Israelites. Numbers 14:27 “not one of those who saw my glory and the signs I performed in Egypt and in the wilderness but who disobeyed me and tested me ten times— not one of them will ever see the land I promised on oath to their ancestors.” Numbers 14:22,23 (NIV)

Here Are Some Common Aspects of Israel’s Complaints Grumbling Themes Here Are Some Common Aspects of Israel’s Complaints Common Aspect References Israel complained about the hardships of living in the desert and wanted to return to Egypt 11:1, 4-6, 14:1-4, 20:2-5, 21:5 Their complaints were against the Lord 11:20, 14:3,11 17:5, 20:4, 21:5 The Lord brought judgment against them 11:1-2,33, 12:9, 14:12, 26-35, 16:25-34, 46-49, 21:6 The judgment was often mitigated or lessened by the intercession of Moses 11:2, 14:13-19, 16:22 16:47-49, 21:7 "How long will this wicked community grumble against me? I have heard the complaints of these grumbling Israelites. Numbers 14:27

The People and Leaders Both Rebelled Against the Lord Grumbling Themes The People and Leaders Both Rebelled Against the Lord Group Rebel Complaint Text People The people Hardships 11:1-4 The rabble and then the people No Meat to Eat 11:4-35 Ten of twelve spies who agitated the people Canaanites are too big and powerful. 13:1-14:44 The people complain after the leaders of Korah’s rebellion are killed. 16:41-50 The people and Moses No water; 20:1-13 Lack of water and food 21:4-9 Leaders Miriam and Aaron Moses’ Wife 12:1-16 Korah, Dathan, Abiram and On along with 250 leaders of Israel. The leadership is too restricted – only Moses, Aaron and his kin. They wanted to “open” it up. 16:1-40 "How long will this wicked community grumble against me? I have heard the complaints of these grumbling Israelites. Numbers 14:27

The Root of Israel’s Complaining Was Not About Food and Water Grumbling Themes The Root of Israel’s Complaining Was Not About Food and Water “Their complaints were far more serious than about food. The Israelites had an inner attitude of rebellion that plays a dominant role in the book of Numbers. They were prone to reject God’s provision and leadership for their lives, even after his miracles and deliverance from Egypt and his provision for their need along the way.” Arnold and Beyer, “Encountering the Old Testament” Numbers could also be called "The Book of Murmuring", because the Israelites were always complaining and murmuring against Moses and against God Himself, with the consequent punishments. “not one of those who saw my glory and the signs I performed in Egypt and in the wilderness but who disobeyed me and tested me ten times— not one of them will ever see the land I promised on oath to their ancestors.” Numbers 14:22,23 (NIV)

The Irony of Israel’s Complaining Grumbling Themes The Irony of Israel’s Complaining “Israel had everything going her way as Numbers opens. a miraculous redemption from Egypt a new and unique relationship with God the Sinai covenant as a blueprint for the future Like no other nation in history before or since, Israel had everything she needed for complete success. But Israel’s is not a story of success – at least not immediate success. The book of Numbers relates her struggles with obedience and the consequences of her disobedience.” Arnold and Beyer, “Encountering the Old Testament” “not one of those who saw my glory and the signs I performed in Egypt and in the wilderness but who disobeyed me and tested me ten times— not one of them will ever see the land I promised on oath to their ancestors.” Numbers 14:22,23 (NIV)

The Intercession of Moses Themes The Intercession of Moses " When the people cried out to Moses, he prayed to the LORD and the fire died down.” Numbers 11:2 Verses Place Complaint Intercession 11:1-4 Taberah Hardships Lord burned them with fire until Moses interceded. 12:1-16 Hazeroth Miriam and Aaron Rebel Miriam struck with leprosy, Aaron repents and Moses intercedes for Miriam 13:1-14:44 Kadesh-barnea Spies Report and Israel’s Rebellion Israel refuses to enter the land after the spies report. The Lord is angry but forgives them due to Moses intercession. The Lord promises no one over 20 years old will enter the land but will die in the desert except for Joshua and Caleb. 16:1-40 Korah’s Rebellion Korah, Dathan and Abiram led a revolt against Moses’ leadership apparently over the priesthood. The Lord wanted to destroy many but Moses and Aaron interceded. Only Korah and his followers were destroyed - swallowed up by the earth. 16:41-50 The Assembly Complains The people complained after the judgment on Korah. The Lord sent a plague killing 14,700 and once again Moses and Aaron interceeed to stop the judgment. 21:4-9 By Sea of Reeds The Brazen Serpent The people complained and the Lord sent poisonous snakes among them. Moses prayed at the people’s request and the Lord had him make a bonze snake that healed the people as they gazed on it. “not one of those who saw my glory and the signs I performed in Egypt and in the wilderness but who disobeyed me and tested me ten times— not one of them will ever see the land I promised on oath to their ancestors.” Numbers 14:22,23 (NIV)

What the Book of Numbers Teaches Us Lesson What the Book of Numbers Teaches Us Israel’s continual rebellion against God (in spite of his faithfulness to His covenant) is a constant warning to us of the consequences of disobedience. “not one of those who saw my glory and the signs I performed in Egypt and in the wilderness but who disobeyed me and tested me ten times— not one of them will ever see the land I promised on oath to their ancestors.” Numbers 14:22,23 (NIV)

What Does the Book of Numbers Mean to Me? Application What Does the Book of Numbers Mean to Me? Am I grateful for what the Lord has provided for me? Do I take advantage of all the things the Lord has provided for me to further his kingdom? Do I, like the first generation out of Egypt, murmur, grumble, complain and rebel against God. Do I understand the consequences of disobedience? “Numbers invites every generation to put itself in the place of the new generation.” Dillard and Longman, “An Introduction to the Old Testament” “not one of those who saw my glory and the signs I performed in Egypt and in the wilderness but who disobeyed me and tested me ten times— not one of them will ever see the land I promised on oath to their ancestors.” Numbers 14:22,23 (NIV)

Aaron’s Blessing – 6:24-26 "The LORD bless you and keep you; Conclusion Aaron’s Blessing – 6:24-26 "The LORD bless you and keep you; the LORD make his face shine upon you and be gracious to you; the LORD turn his face toward you and give you peace." KJV “not one of those who saw my glory and the signs I performed in Egypt and in the wilderness but who disobeyed me and tested me ten times— not one of them will ever see the land I promised on oath to their ancestors.” Numbers 14:22,23 (NIV)

Numbers belongs to the group of Old Testament books known as: Major prophets Minor prophets Wisdom literature Historical books Pentateuch None of the above “not one of those who saw my glory and the signs I performed in Egypt and in the wilderness but who disobeyed me and tested me ten times— not one of them will ever see the land I promised on oath to their ancestors.” Numbers 14:22,23 (NIV)

The main story of Numbers is about the: Test The main story of Numbers is about the: Miraculous deliverance of God’s people from bondage in Egypt Covenant renewal to prepare for entry into the land of promise by the second generation of God’s people Expansion of the covenant law for the purpose of holiness among the people of God Testing, purging and purifying of God’s people in the Sinai wilderness wandering None of the above “not one of those who saw my glory and the signs I performed in Egypt and in the wilderness but who disobeyed me and tested me ten times— not one of them will ever see the land I promised on oath to their ancestors.” Numbers 14:22,23 (NIV)

Which word best describes the theme of Numbers: Test Which word best describes the theme of Numbers: Promise Presence Holiness Testing Renewal “not one of those who saw my glory and the signs I performed in Egypt and in the wilderness but who disobeyed me and tested me ten times— not one of them will ever see the land I promised on oath to their ancestors.” Numbers 14:22,23 (NIV)

The key event in Numbers is: Test The key event in Numbers is: The prophecy of Balaam (chs. 22-24) The first census (chs. 1-4) The refusal of the people to enter Canaan (chs.13,14) Baal (ch. 25) The second census (ch. 26) “not one of those who saw my glory and the signs I performed in Egypt and in the wilderness but who disobeyed me and tested me ten times— not one of them will ever see the land I promised on oath to their ancestors.” Numbers 14:22,23 (NIV)

A prominent characteristic of the people of Israel in Numbers is: Test A prominent characteristic of the people of Israel in Numbers is: Devotion to the Lord Desire to take the promised land from the Canaanites Grumbling and complaining Prophetic trances None of the above “not one of those who saw my glory and the signs I performed in Egypt and in the wilderness but who disobeyed me and tested me ten times— not one of them will ever see the land I promised on oath to their ancestors.” Numbers 14:22,23 (NIV)

Other biblical authors use the stories in Numbers as a: Test Other biblical authors use the stories in Numbers as a: Warning against disobedience to God Reminder of the hardships of the desert Example of organization of the tabernacle The most direct route from Kadesh to Canaan How to get water in the desert “not one of those who saw my glory and the signs I performed in Egypt and in the wilderness but who disobeyed me and tested me ten times— not one of them will ever see the land I promised on oath to their ancestors.” Numbers 14:22,23 (NIV)