By Natalia Siguenza, Samantha Hughes and Alyssa Rueger. Simple Machines By Natalia Siguenza, Samantha Hughes and Alyssa Rueger.

Table of Contents Pulleys Wedges Inclined Plane Screws Levers Wheel and Axel Compound Machines Work sited

Pulleys A pulley is a simple machine that uses grooved wheels and a rope to raise, lower or move a load. If you have ever looked at the end of a crane, or if you have ever looked at the rigging on a sailboat, then you have seen a block and tackle at work. A block and tackle is an arrangement of rope and pulleys that allows you to trade force for distance. Pulleys have three essential parts, the rope the weight and the pulley. To Table of Contents

Pulley Diagram and Parts This type of pulley is a fixed pulley. Rope Weight To Table of Contents

Wedges A wedge is used for cutting, splitting, or piercing things. A wedge is wide at the top and smaller at the bottom. It’s pretty much an inclined plane that is potable. Some wedges are axes, shovels and picks The longer and thinner the wedge is the less input force is required to do the same work. To Table of Contents

Diagram Wedges To Table of Contents

Compound Machines These are more complex machines that are made with the 6 simple machines. It is a machine that consists of 2 or more simple machines. A pencil sharpener is a good ex. It has a wheel and axel to move the handle and 2 screws that get smaller at the end to sharpen the pencil until it is sharp. To Table of Contents

Levers A lever is a rigid bar that pivots about one point and that is used to move an object at a second point by a force applied at a third. A lever allows small efforts to overcome large loads – or vice versa, depending on the type of lever. The ratio between load and effort for any given lever is known as the Mechanical Advantage. Examples of Levers To Table of Contents

Screws A screw is a shaft with a helical groove or thread formed on its surface and provision at one end to turn the screw. Its main uses are as a threaded fastener used to hold objects together, and as a simple machine used to translate torque into linear force. It can also be defined as an inclined plan wrapped around a shaft. The ideal mechanical advantage is the ratio of the force applied to the load over the force applied to the machine, neglecting any losses to friction. This may be expressed also as the ratio of the distance moved by the effort over the distance moved by the resistance. These two ratios will be equal in the absence of friction. Examples of screws To Table of Contents

Inclined Planes Table of Contents The inclined plane is a plane surface set at an angle, other than a right it is also set at a horizontal angle The inclined plane permits one to overcome a large by applying a applying a small force. Ramps, sloping roads, chisels, hatchets, plows, air hammers, carpenter's planes all of these are examples of inclined planes. An inclined plane is a slanted surface used to raise an object. A ramp is an inclined plane. When an object is moved up an inclined plane, less effort is needed than if you were to lift it straight up. The mechanical advantage of this simple machine is dividing the length of the incline by its height. Examples of inclined planes Table of Contents

Wheel and Axel You cant really put a screw into a piece of wood without using a screwdriver right? That would be really hard. A screwdriver is an example of a wheel and axel. This type of machine that is made with 2 circular or cylindrical objects that are joined together and rotate at a common axis. The bigger object is called the wheel and the smaller one the axel. In an office chair the seat is the wheel and the tube is the axel. Examples of wheels and axels To make work easier with a wheel and axel machine you apply an input force to turn the wheel, and as a result the axel exerts an output force to turn something like a screw. This machine also multiplies your force but you have to exert a force over a longer distance in the screwdriver case a circular distance. To Table of Contents

Examples of levers To Table of Contents

Examples of screws To table of Contents

Examples of Inclined planes To Table of Contents

Examples of Wheels and Axels To Table of Contents

Work sited Facts of pulleys found in Science textbook on pages 126 and 127. Facts on Wedges found in textbook page120. Images of Pulley found on clip art. Pictures of compound machines, wedges and title page pictures also found in clip art. Images of levers and screws found in Google. Info on screws and levers found in science textbook on pages 121 and122. Facts on inclined planes and wheels and axels found in textbook pages 124, 125, 119 and 120. To Table of Contents