Why Check Hardness? * Hardness Testing Presented by Willrich Precision Ph 866-945-5742 / sales@Willrich.com Created by Walter Wardzala, Major Instrument Sales Specialist

Materials Testing Hardness Tensile Charpy Impact Fatigue Ductility Corrosion Testing Structure Hardness

6 Properties of Materials Stiffness — resists deformation Toughness — resists failure, even after deforming Strength — resists both deformation and failure Ductility — deforms before it breaks Brittleness — breaks before it deforms Hardness — resists dents, scratches, and other permanent changes under compressive force (Malleability-Elasticity-Plasticity…)

Indentation Hardness Testing Resistance to penetration Brinell Vickers Rockwell (Superficial-Microficial) Scratch Test Durometers Leeb (Impact) Birkovich

Resistance to Penetration NOT a fundamental property of material i.e like Tensile Strength or Density Rockwell is a unit less value (like percentage) Vickers Load over Area / Pascals/ mPA-gPA

Machinability- Tool Life Why Check Hardness? Machinability- Tool Life Wear Properties Corrosion Resistance Fatigue/ Life Cycle Annealing Cost Savings Because you have to!

How hard do you expect it to be? Customer might give you: The most important question! How hard do you expect it to be? Customer might give you: Test Method Load Scale Indenter Conversions

Baby Brinell (187.5 kgf or LESS) Mitutoyo Hardness Testers HH 300 Durometers HH 411 Rebound (Leeb) (HLx) Type Baby Brinell (187.5 kgf or LESS) HV 100 Heavy Load Vickers HM 200 Electro Magnetic Micro Hardness HR Series Rockwell Type New Top Secret HR Testers

Durometers A & D Scales Only Supported (out of 12) Dial and digital, test stands are recommended

HH411 HL(scale) D most common Mass, surface and thickness sensitive ASTM A956

Brinell The First Widely Accepted Hardness Test 1897 10mm Ball 500-3000 kgf Low Power Scope

Light force (Baby) Brinell Be careful what you wish for Light force (Baby) Brinell Be careful what you wish for! Yes we can do tests up to 187.5 kgf US Thinks of Brinell as: 500 kgf. to 3000 kgf. and 10 mm ball ISO Thinks of Brinell as: 1kgf to 187.5 kgf 1mm, 2.5mm, 5mm and 10mm ball

Macro Vickers Rockwell-like construction 1 kgf. and over Common Euro and Japanese test Best surface not required

HV100 Macro Vickers HV110 1-50 kgf. HV120 .3-30 kgf. Automatic Dead Weight System 10X lens Standard (2 to 100X optional)

Micro Vickers Less than 1 kgf. 20-100 micron d typical

Case / Gradient Hardness Most common type application

Typical Knoop Traverse

Vickers/ Knoop All testers come with Vickers indenters A Knoop indenter may replace it or HM200 machines can add a second indenter assembly

HM210 Micro Vickers New HM210 Closed loop force control Motorized turret Up to 4 lenses (Retrofitable) Up to 2 Indenters 10-1000 gf. Adjustable LED Illumination Note: No vise/fixturing is included.

HM220 Light Load Micro Vickers New HM220 Closed loop force control .05-2000gf Adjustable Adjustable Loading rates (11-60 microns/ sec) Motorized Turret Up to 4 lenses ( Service Retrofitable) Up to 2 Indenters (Factory only) Standard “Package” 10X, 50X, 100X $25,975 Actually $2.800 less than previous models!

HM/HV Automation

A CCTV can be added for easier viewing. HM 210/220 Type A Tester Uses a digital filar eyepiece where the operator manually determines the end points of the indentation. A CCTV can be added for easier viewing.

HM 210/220 Type B Tester A Type B tester deletes the control panel from the tester, removes the filar eyepiece, and all measurement is automatically performed by the software. Manual on screen measurement is possible. A Type B utilizes the standard mechanical stage on an HM200 testers and will interface with an optional mechanical stage on the HV100

The Type C does not include automatic focus!!! HM 210/220 Type C Tester Type C Tester is similar to a Type B tester with the addition of a motorized X-Y Stage. 50x50mm or 100x100mm is available. The Type C does not include automatic focus!!!

Complex programed patterns can be run without supervision. HM 210/220 Type D Tester The Type D tester is a fully automatic testing system with a motorized X-Y and Z axis. Complex programed patterns can be run without supervision.

AVPak-10 Software (Type B-C-D Testers)

Minimum Thickness Charts Why Rockwell? World Wide Standards ASTM E18 Very Common Test Fast cycle time The Scale defines all! Minimum Thickness Charts √ The Prints!

ASTM E18 Key Points Timing! Test on one side of block only! Spacing of 3 diameters between indents 1 HR value is 80 millionths travel

Yellow indicates scales that can be performed with included indenters

Yellow indicates scales that can be performed with included indenters

3 Components of Rockwell Testing 1 Load 2 Displacement 3 Indenter 4 TIMING!

New HR-Series In General: Economical Testers-Made in Brazil Better Electronics-Conversions Includes V and Flat anvils Carbide Ball Indenter All Dead Weight- Except HR521 top-of-the line

HR320MS MS model only - Rockwell and Superficial Scale conversions Output Adjustable Timing Add a weight system**

HR430MR & HR430MS HR430MR Rockwell only model HR430MS Rockwell/Superficial model Auto-Brake/Start system Scale Conversions Dial a weight system

HR500 Series Closed Loop Testers

Indenters and Test Blocks

Anvils and Accessories

Data Collection/SPC Options

USB Input Tool Direct Data Collection from a hardness tester direct to Excel 06ADV380E Fits most hardness testers

Rockwell Pocket Guide

Rockwell Pocket Guide

Other Available Literature

Why check hardness at all? Jominy Bars Lug Nuts

Some 21st Century catastrophies

There are no hardness testing Police! -Tom Farrell

ASTM The American Society for Testing and Materials formed in 1898 (2001) by a chemist for the Pennsylvania Railroad Voluntary Consensus Society $80

Customer Call Out: 45.8 B 45.8 HRBW 12 45.8

Is this a Brinell hardness tester?

Portable Hardness Testers Proprietary Scales Different Forces Different Indenters Material Dependent Operator Dependent

Scale Conversions Don’t do it! (At least not at first) HRC50 to a depth of .035” (Euro EHT HV550 or CHD) 513HV @ what test force?

Proper Nomenclature 513HV.3 ≈ HRC50 313HBW 10/3000 HRBW HBS

How hard do you expect it to be? Again, the most important question! How hard do you expect it to be? Test Load Scale Indenter Conversions

Thanks for coming!!! Call with any questions. See you in Toronto!