San Jose, California Crime Profile and a Deeper Look Into Their Crime Dalia Lopez California State University Monterey Bay 15 December 2015

Introduction to San Jose, CA San Jose (SJ), by population, is the third-largest city in California and in the United States, it is the tenth-largest. San Jose earned its city nickname, “Capital of Silicon Valley”, in the 1990s, due to it’s booming local high-tech industry. Now, considered a global city, it is noticed for its high cost of living and affluence. (Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Jose,_California)

San Jose Cont’d. The city of San Jose has many important landmarks that is is known for and that attract people into the city. For instance, just to name a few, they have the Lick Observatory, Children’s Discovery Museum of San Jose, Plaza de Cesar Chavez, Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. Library, and The SAP center of San Jose. (Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Jose,_California)

SJ Cont’d. As mentioned before, this city is recognized for its high-technology based culture. The city brings in a majority of earnings due to this. It also has a state college, San Jose State, in the city; As well, as many neighboring state institutions that “pump thousands of engineering and computer science graduates into the local economy every year.” Some of the Colleges are UC, Berkeley and Stanford University. (Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Jose,_California)

Demographic Profile The following tables will be a representation of all the demographic related topics in the city of San Jose, California.

Population The table 1.1 below showcases the amount of residents in the city of San Jose, California by age in the year 2000, as provided by the United States Census. Table 1.1 2000 SJ Population Percentage Population, 2000 estimate base 894, 943 100% Persons under 5 years, 2000 68,243 7.6% Persons under 18 years, 2000 192,410 21.5% Persons 65 years and over, 2000 73,860 8.2% Based on the information presented above you can determine that the majority of San Jose residents are younger than 65 years of age. (Source: http://factfinder.census.gov/faces/nav/jsf/pages/community_facts.xhtml)

Population The table 1.2 below showcases the amount of residents in the city of San Jose, California by age in the year 2010, as provided by the United States Census. Table 1.2 2010 SJ Population Percentage Population, 2010 (April 1) estimate base 952,560 100% Persons under 5 years, 2010 (April 1) 130,487 7.3% Persons under 18 years, 2010 (April 1) 236,234 24.8% Persons 65 years and over, 2010 (April 1) 96,208 10.0% Based on the information presented above in table 1.1 and in the previous table 1.2 we can see that in the past ten years the population size of the city has grown by 6.04%. Compared to the 2000 census, in 2010 there are 57,617 more residents. (Source: http://www.census.gov/quickfacts/table/PST045214/00)

Sex Ratio The following table 2.1 and table 2.2 below showcase the amount of residents in the city of San Jose, California by sex in the year 2000 and 2010, as provided by the United States Census. Table 2.1 2000 SJ Sex Ratio Percentage Male 454,748 50.8% Female 440,145 49.2% Table 2.2 2010 SJ Sex Ratio Percentage Male 479,138 50.3% Female 473,422 49.7% Based on the information presented above in table 2.1 and in table 2.2 we can see that in the past ten years that there has been an increase in women from the year 2000 to 2010 and a decrease in men percentage wise, but we can still see that there are in fact more men than women in this city. Although, now the difference is just by a couple thousand. (Source: http://factfinder.census.gov/faces/nav/jsf/pages/community_facts.xhtml and http://www.census.gov/quickfacts/table/PST045214/00)

Income and Poverty The following table 3.1 showcases the amount of income the city of San Jose, California produces in a family during the year 2000 and the way it is measured is in parentheses next to the topic being measured. Table 3.1 2000 SJ Income and Poverty Percentage Median household income (dollars) $74,813 Per Capita income (dollars) $26,697 Persons in Poverty (percent) 6.0% Based on this information we can determine that this cities poverty level is not that high and that the income level is not that bad if a household has more than one person bringing in income. (Source: http://factfinder.census.gov/faces/nav/jsf/pages/community_facts.xhtml)

Income and Poverty The following table 3.2 showcases the amount of income the city of San Jose, California produces in a family during the year 2010 and the way it is measured is in parentheses next to the topic being measured. Table 3.2 2010 SJ Income and Poverty Percentage Median household income (2014 dollars) 2010-2014 $53,482 Per Capita income in the past 12 months (2014dollars) 2010-2014 $28,555 Persons in Poverty (percent) 14.8% Based on the information provided from table 3.1 and table 3.2 we can see that the median household income had decreased over the past ten years. It is also visible that the per capita did increase a little over these ten year, but so did the poverty level. (Source: http://www.census.gov/quickfacts/table/PST045214/00)

Race/Ethnicity The following table 4.1 showcases the diversity of race/ethnicity in San Jose, California according to the 2000 U.S Census. Table 4.1 2000 SJ Race/Ethnicity Percentage White 425,017 47.5% Black or African American 31,349 3.5% American Indian or Alaska Native 6,865 0.8% Asian 240,375 26.9% Native Hawaiian and other Pacific Islanders 3,584 0.4% Two or more races 45,062 5.0% Hispanic or Latino/a 269,989 30.2% Based on the information in table 4.1 we see that most of San Jose’s residents are white, asian, or Hispanic or latino after the census for the year 2000. (Source: http://factfinder.census.gov/faces/nav/jsf/pages/community_facts.xhtml)

Race/Ethnicity The following table 4.2 showcases the diversity of race/ethnicity in San Jose, California according to the 2000 U.S. Census. Table 4.2 2010 SJ Race/Ethnicity Percentage White, percent, April 1, 2010 72.4% Black or African American, percent, April 1, 2010 12.6% American Indian or Alaska Native, percent, April 1, 2010 0.9% Asian, percent, April 1, 2010 4.8% Native Hawaiian and other Pacific Islanders, percent, April 1, 2010 0.2% Two or more races, percent, April 1, 2010 2.9% Hispanic or Latino, percent, April 1, 2010 16.3% After analyzing both tables 4.1 and 4.2 we can see the increase in white to the city and an apparent decrease in asians from the year 2000 to the year 2010. In addition, the hispanic population went from a high 30.2% in 2000 to a low 16.3% in 2010. (Source: http://factfinder.census.gov/faces/nav/jsf/pages/community_facts.xhtml)

Other Variable The following table 5.1 and table 5.2 below showcase the employment and unemployment rates in the city of San Jose, California for the years 2000 and 2010, as provided by the United States Census. Table 5.1 2000 SJ Employment Status Percentage Employed (16 years+) 64.0% Unemployed (16 years+) 2.9% Not in Labor Force 33.1% Table 5.2 2010 SJ Employment Status Percentage Employed (16 years+) 62.2% Unemployed (16 years+) 5.9% Not in Labor Force 31.9% Based on the information presented above in table 5.1 and in table 5.2 we see that in the past ten years the employment rate of residents decreased by 1.8% and the unemployment rate increased by 3.0% from 2000 to 2010. (Source: http://factfinder.census.gov/faces/nav/jsf/pages/community_facts.xhtml and http://www.census.gov/quickfacts/table/PST045214/00)

Occupational Distribution and Industries The following table 6.1 demonstrates the occupations and industries in San Jose for 2000. For a detailed description to the following table see the following page after table 6.2 that will be presented next. Table 6.1 SJ 2000 Occupations and Industry Percentage OCCUPATION Management, professional, and related occupations 178,366 40.8 Service occupations 53,782 12.3 Sales and office occupations 106,472 24.4 Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations 1,383 0.3 Construction, extraction, and maintenance occupations 34,560 7.9 Production, transportation, and material moving occupations 62,327 14.3 INDUSTRY Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting, and mining 1,552 0.4 Construction 5,190 5.8 Manufacturing 122,913 28.1 Wholesale trade 14,016 3.2 Retail trade 45,941 10.5 Transportation and warehousing, and utilities 14,523 3.3 Information 17,629 4.0 Finance, insurance, real estate, and rental and leasing 19,532 4.5 Professional, scientific, management, administrative, and waste management services 59,179 13.5 Educational, health and social services 59,504 13.6 Arts, entertainment, recreation, accommodation and food services 28,093 6.4 Other services (except public administration) 17,006 3.9 Public administration 11,812 2.7 (Source: http://factfinder.census.gov/faces/nav/jsf/pages/community_facts.xhtml)

Occupational Distribution and Industries The following table 6.2 demonstrates the occupations and industries in the city of San Jose for 2010. (See the next page for a detailed description of both tables.) Table 6.2 SJ 2010 Occupations and Industry Percentage OCCUPATION Management, professional, and related occupations 201,790 42.6 Service occupations 83,452 17.6 Sales and office occupations 103,555 21.9 Natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations 36,538 7.7 Production, transportation, and material moving occupations 47,797 10.1 INDUSTRY Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting, and mining 2,177 0.5 Construction 28,495 6.0 Manufacturing 87,057 18.4 Wholesale trade 11,326 2.4 Retail trade 51,645 10.9 Transportation and warehousing, and utilities 15,380 3.3 Information 15,024 3.2 Finance, insurance, real estate, and rental and leasing 22,526 4.8 Professional, scientific, management, administrative, and 77,033 16.3 waste management services Educational, health and social services 86,954 18.4 Arts, entertainment, recreation, accommodation and food 40,114 8.5 services Other services (except public administration) 23,609 5.0 Public administration 11,792 2.5 (Source: http://factfinder.census.gov/faces/nav/jsf/pages/community_facts.xhtml)

Occupational Distribution and Industries Table 6.1 and table 6.2 demonstrate that there was a slight .8% increase in management, professional, and related occupations from 2000 to 2010. We also see that manufacturing did decrease by a 9.7% in between those years. There was also a notable increase in education, health and social services between 2000 and 2010. (Source: http://factfinder.census.gov/faces/nav/jsf/pages/community_facts.xhtml)

Crime Profile The following table 7.1 are statistics taken from the UCR of a ten year span between 2004 and the most current 2014. Table 7.1 SJ UCR 2004-2014 According to the information presented above, from the UCR, we can see how most of the crimes have increased between 2004 and 2014. The two exceptions are rape and aggravated assault, which have thankfully showed a decrease. murder rape robbery aggravated assault burglary 2004 19 337 677 3,895 2,670 2014 3,242 306 1,072 1,832 5,167 (Sources:https://www.fbi.gov/about-us/cjis/ucr/crime-in-the-u.s/2014/crime-in-the-u.s.-2014/tables/table-8/table-8-by-state/Table_8_Offenses_Known_to_Law_Enforcement_by_California_by_City_2014.xls and https://www.fbi.gov/about-us/cjis/ucr/crime-in-the-u.s/2000)

NCVS The following table 8.1 shows statistics taken from the NCVS of a ten year span between 2004 and the most current 2014. Table 8.1 SJ NCVS 2004-2014 According to the information presented above, from the NCVS, we can see that there has been a great decrease in rape and robbery crimes between the year 2004 and 2014. 2004 2014 Rape/Sexual Assault 366,747 284,345 Robbery 886,123 664,211 (Sources: http://www.bjs.gov/index.cfm?ty=nvat)

Crime Profile The following table 9.1 shows rape and robbery statistics taken from both NCVS and UCR of a ten year span between 2004 and the most current 2014. Table 8.1 SJ NCVS 2004-2014 2004 2014 According to the information presented above we can see the statistics between both sources. The only problem is that the NCVS only showed the national average. So, it was a little difficult to compare the results, but it still gives you an idea of both. UCR NCVS Rape 337 255,769 306 284,345 Robbery 677 616,419 1,072 664,211 (Sources: http://www.bjs.gov/index.cfm?ty=nvat)

Media The City of san Jose does have a newspaper known as “Mercury News”. They also have a beautiful website that provides its audience with every possible question or detailed information about the city. It contains statistics, past ballots, events, programs, departments, and much more. (Sources: http://www.sanjoseca.gov/)

Social Science Journal According to the San Jose statistical area the average mean salary in May 2014 was a $36.43. According to the united States Bureau of labor, San Jose has an estimated 60% above the nationwide average, which is $22.71. This is great for the city of San Jose and it is also demonstrated in the low unemployment rate that was provided to you before. The top two occupations in the were and continue to be the computer and mathematical fields that flourish through this wonderful city. This is just a reminder of why this city is considered the Capital of Silicon Valley. (Sources:http://www.bls.gov/regions/west/news-release/occupationalemploymentandwages_sanjose.htm)

Social Science Journal This next journal takes a deeper look in the increasing rate of crime in the City of San Jose. Apparently, more recently, San Jose has become victim of increased crime. In this article it states that “once known as the safest big city [in the United States is now even more dangerous than the country itself].” The crime rate has doubled in the last eight years and apparently residents of San Jose and city members are looking for ways to provide more funding to help reduce the crime rates. (Sources:http://www.mercurynews.com/pensions/ci_24737175/san-jose-crime-rate-surpasses-u-s-average-arrests-plummet)

Policy and Theory People have began to engage in deviant behavior which has lead to the increase in homicide in San Jose, Ca. Deviant behavior occurs when an individual engages in activity against societies norms. Murdering someone is not a norm in our society and individual are doing this for person reasons. The conflict theory is the theory that I believe makes a deviant individual. It is a theory that “draw[s] attention to power differentials, such as class conflict, and generally contrast historically dominant ideologies.” These can be some of the reasons in which individuals become deviant. San Jose doesn’t have an extremely high poverty rate, but most individuals involved in murders are gang related. That demonstrates that there is a power incentive that drive individuals to committing crimes. A solution to this problem was presented to the residents of Santa Clara County in the 2012 November ballot. The county proposed a “Santa Clara County Sales Tax Increase” (Measure A) to its residents. This measure would increase taxes to sales in order to pay for more programs to prevent crime and help recruit and pay officers more to keep the city safe. The measure did pass thankfully and although, the measure hasn’t made an impact yet, due to the increase crime rate, it is an initiative to improving the city and hopefully making it a safe city as it once was. (Sources: http://www.sanjoseca.gov/)