Isolationism and Imperialism

ISOLATIONISM Policy of dealing with foreign countries Staying out of world affairs Using barriers to control trade U.S. policy until late 1800s

Why be Imperialistic? Continue Manifest Destiny / expansion Mainland N. America conquered Desire to be world power

IMPERIALISM the policy in which stronger countries extend their economic, political or military control over weaker territories. Became U.S. foreign policy in late 1800’s

IMPERIALISM - Where European countries had been carving up other countries for years. Central American Latin America Caribbean Pacific and Asia Africa

IMPERIALISM – How Nations had Government intervention Stronger military Wanted natural resources Government intervention Purchase territory - Alaska 1867

IMPERIALISM – Who How do these Imperial countries relate to WW I ? 10 Imperial Powerful Countries G. Britain France Germany Italy Japan Spain Portugal Netherlands Russia United States How do these Imperial countries relate to WW I ?

5 Factors that fueled Intervention / American Imperialism: 1. Economic Competition - Industrial Rev. brought new products - need for raw materials - favorable balance of trade (exporting more than importing)

2. Political Reasons - recognized as a world power - build a bigger empire (measures greatness) - to protect investments

3. Military Competition other nations - national security - needed to compete with other nations - national security protect investments, resources & colonies - advantage over other countries navy (new) * fueling stations in Pacific

4. Racial / Cultural Superiority were superior - English descendants believed they were superior - Social Darwinism > survival of the fittest - their duty to civilize the rest of the world

5. Religious Reasons - belief Christianity was superior - needed to spread to Asia & Africa - missionaries encouraged Imperialism - Social Darwinism (superior religion)

Negative Points of Imperialism Country develops a superior attitude Reputation as a bully Our history - were a colony Cost involved Enough work to be done at home - America large - don’t spread resources to thin

Anti-Imperialism Against America becoming imperialistic Saw as a threat to American values Democracy should not control others without their consent High cost of maintaining army/navy Would take jobs from American workers

Spanish American War Reasons the U.S. gets involved yellow journalism expanding capitalism / new markets protect investments sympathy for support Cuban independence Monroe Doctrine yellow journalism

Spanish American War Cuba (colony of Spain) - Cuba had been fighting for independence - U.S. had big investments in Sugar Yellow Journalism - exaggerated news information U.S.S. Maine - exploded in Havana - media blames Spain

Spanish American War Results - Treaty of Paris gain territory in Philippines, Guam, P. Rico - U.S. more involved in Latin America - Platt Amendment gave U.S supervision over Cuban affairs gave right to lease military base (Guantanamo Bay)

Latin America Roosevelt Corollary - amendment to Monroe Doctrine - gave U.S. right to intervene if countries could not repay debts or to stabilize the economic affairs - in Caribbean & Central America * Teddy Roosevelt’s “Big Stick” Policy

Foreign Policy with L. America The Panama Canal - TR wanted to shorten trade route - supported Panama Revolution (for our own gain of land access) - U.S. gained rights to build a canal - Benefits U.S. trade and military

Latin America cont. Taft’s Dollar Diplomacy - economic - promise to protect the investments of American businesses in L. America - increased U.S. control & influence in L. America Wilson’s Moral (Missionary) Diplomacy - moral - used to intervene in MX. - moral obligation to promote democracy - supported economic interest of U.S. businesses in western hemisphere

Foreign Policy with Asia Open Door Note / Policy - 1899 - China weak due to war - European countries moving in / fear of China getting carved up - issued to open trade with China - wanted a piece of the sphere of influence - lead to more econ. opportunities for the U.S.

Map of China Cartoon

Problems in the Philippines Filipino rebels fought alongside U.S. soldiers against the Spanish during the Spanish-American War The Philippines wanted to become an independent nation U.S. fails to grant the Philippines independence after the war

U.S.-Filipino fighting breaks out in 1899 and continues for years Philippines didn’t gain independence until 1946