Main Verbs & Helping Verbs

Review Nouns Name a person, place, thing, or idea Concrete, abstract, collective, common, proper Pronouns Personal pronouns take the place of nouns. A pronoun may function as the subject of the sentence. Use diagram to map out Nouns and Pronouns on Whiteboard. Review Function Codes (NS, PNS, PNU). Diagram the following sentences: The cat likes milk. The lizard eats lettuce. He eats worms too. They are our pets. The cat is a warm mammal. The lizard feels cold and bumpy.

Review Types of Pronouns Indefinite: does not refer to a definite person or things. Demonstrative: point out a specific person or thing. Interrogative: asks a question Personal: replaces a personal noun Pronoun Understood (PNU) Implied rather than written as the subject. No specific subject

Terms to Learn Verb Main Verb Helping Verb Verb Phrase

Verb Make a statement Ask a question Give a command The verb is the word in a sentence that is needed along with the subject to: Make a statement Ask a question Give a command

Point 1 A sentence must always include a verb. The verb helps to make a statement by expressing: An action State of being A condition

Action Verbs Action words John walked to town. The monkey stole my banana. The choir sang a song.

State of Being Verbs Forms of “to be” Examples: I am happy. She was sleepy. He was an electrician. Be Being Been Am Is Are Was Were

Condition Verbs Examples: She felt happy. The student looked sad. The apple tastes sour. The cat appeared hungry. Appear Become Feel Grow Keep Look Remain Seems Smell Sound Taste Turn NOTE The verb can be replace with seems when it is a condition. Condition verbs can also be used as action verbs. The cat appeared hungry. The cat appeared in the doorway.

Is it a condition or action? The soup tastes hot. The rose smelled sweet. The monkey appeared suddenly. The cat tasted its food. The dog smelled the flower. The banana appeared ripe.

Point 2 The verb of the sentence may be one word or two or more words that comprise a verb phrase. I went to the store. I did buy groceries. Function Codes: MV (Main Verb) HV (Helping Verb)

Point 3 Helping Verbs: verbs that usually precede a main verb Must be used with certain verb forms Example: Verbs ending in –ing cannot function properly without helping verbs.

Examples Incorrect: My brother buying the business. Correct: My brother is buying the business. Incorrect: Linda singing quite well Correct: Linda is singing quite well.

Point 4 There are 23 frequently used helping verbs. Be Am Was Do Have May Could Must Being Is Were Does Has Can Would Shall Been Are Did Had Might Should Will

Point 5 First: identify the subject Who or what is the sentence about? Next: identify the verb

Point 6 In some sentences the subject follows the verb. Example: mv hv ns Enclosed are the recipes

Point 6 The subject ALWAYS follows the verb when a sentence starts with the word here or there. Examples: mv ns Here is the problem. mv pns There were several.

Let’s Try It!! The fire destroyed the forest. Phillip is going to the library.

The accident caused a traffic jam. The girl went to the store. Let’s try It!! The accident caused a traffic jam. The girl went to the store.

Transitive & Intransitive Verbs Diagram before slide show: Mother sang to her children, Mother sang a song to her children, The children sang too. The children kissed Mom goodnight. The children slept soundly. Transitive & Intransitive Verbs

Terms to Learn Transitive Verb : A main verb that usually expresses action and always has a direct object Verb Complement: Another name for a direct object or an indirect object

Terms to Learn Direct Object: A verb complement that follows a transitive verb and answers the questions “Whom?” or “What?” Intransitive Verb: A main verb that never has a complement Reflexive Pronoun: A pronoun formed by adding the suffix –self or –selves to a personal pronoun

Word Function Codes MVT (Main Verb Transitive) MVI (Main Verb Intransitive) DO (Direct Object)

Introduction Main verbs may be either transitive or intransitive. Transitive verb Action Verb Complement Intransitive verb No Action No Verb Complement

Sentence Formula N + MV +Who or What = Transitive Verb

Transitive Verb A main verb usually expresses an action always has a direct object Direct Object: A verb complement that follows a Transitive Verb.

Transitive Verb 2.Find the verb Ask who? or what? 1. Find the subject 2.Find the verb Ask who? or what? If it answers who? or what? it is a MVT If it does not answer who? Or what? It is an MVI.

Example Kristen solved the problem. noun subject main verb Transitive or Intransitive? Direct object What did she solve?

Example The company manufactures toys. noun subject main verb Transitive or Intransitive? Direct object What do they manufacture?

Example noun subject main verb Transitive or Intransitive? The shelf holds three books and a vase of flowers. noun subject main verb Transitive or Intransitive? Direct object What did the shelf hold?

example noun subject main verb Transitive or Intransitive? The committee named a new chairperson. noun subject main verb Transitive or Intransitive? Direct object What did the shelf hold?

Intransitive Verb A main verb that never has a complement.

Examples Phyllis fell down. noun subject main verb Intransitive There is no direct object

example The cat purred loudly. noun subject main verb Intransitive There is no direct object

Point 1 The main verb may be transitive The main verb is usually active The main verb has a receiver of the action called a direct object Identify the subject Identify the verb Then ask “What?” or “Whom?”

Point 2 The direct object may be a one word noun. The store sells bicycles.

Point 3 The direct object may be a compound-word noun. The president chose Senator Kennedy.

Point 4 The direct object can be a personal pronoun. The coach tutored him in math.

Point 5 The direct object may be an indefinite pronoun. The invitation included everyone.

Point 6 The direct object may be an demonstrative pronoun Please take this.

Point 7 The direct object may be a reflexive pronoun I hurt myself.

Point 8 The main verb may be intransitive The baby laughed loudly.

Let’s Try It!! Sylvia kicked Juan under the table. What is the subject What is the verb? Is there a direct object? Is it transitive or intransitive?

Let’s Try It!! I fell down yesterday. What is the subject What is the verb? Is there a direct object? Is it transitive or intransitive?

Let’s Try It!! Alicia wrote a love poem on a napkin. What is the subject What is the verb? Is there a direct object? Is it transitive or intransitive?

Let’s Try It!! They slept peacefully. What is the subject What is the verb? Is there a direct object? Is it transitive or intransitive?

Lesson 4 Due next class period