Cognition Unit 6: We are here Algorithms Heuristics Biological Factors

Slides:



Advertisements
Similar presentations
Thinking and Language. Organizing Our Thoughts…. ( Making cognitive sense out of our world…) CognitionConcept Category Hierarchies We form concepts by…
Advertisements

Language Language, our spoken, written, or gestured work, is the way we communicate meaning to ourselves and others. Language transmits culture.
Its all about communication!!!
Language A means of communication.. Language can be…..
Language.  Our spoken, written, or signed words and the ways we combine them as we think and communicate  Human essence: the qualities of the mind are.

Language.  vNDOiE vNDOiE  D2vNeqY
Unit 6: Cognition WHS AP Psychology
Language Language – our spoken, written or signed words and the ways we combine them to communicate meaning.
Language and Thought Its all about communication.
Language A means of communication.. Language can be…..
A means of communication.
Thinking Thinking Symbols: Object or an act that stands for something else. Symbols: Object or an act that stands for something else. Symbols allow us.
Language and Thought It’s all about communication!!!
Language What is language: a symbolic rule-based system of communication shared by a community Question: can one person have language?
16 January 2015 Take a few minutes to study your memory notes, we’ll take a short quiz first (it’s in two parts – one scantron, one not) After that, one.
Language and Thought RG 7g Modified PowerPoint from: Aneeq Ahmad -- Henderson State University. Worth Publishers © 2007.
Language and Cognition Its all about communication!!!
Language Our spoken, written, or signed words and the ways we combine them to communicate meaning.
Unit 7 Part II: Cognition
Chapter 10 Thinking & Language. Thinking I. Cognition: refers to all the mental activities associated with processing, understanding, remembering, and.
Language Communication is part of cognition
Warm Up- pg What is cognition?
Language Spoken, Written, or gestured way we use words to convey meaning.
Language and Thought It is all about communication!!!
Language Objective: Student will: be able to identify the structural features of language be able to explain theories of language be able to explain stages.
Thinking and Language Notes 10-4 (obj.11-12). Language Language, our spoken, written, or gestured work, is the way we communicate meaning to ourselves.
1 PSYCHOLOGY (8th Edition) David Myers PowerPoint Slides Aneeq Ahmad Henderson State University Worth Publishers, © 2006.
Language. Building Blocks of Thought Images –Nonverbal mental representations of sensory experiences Language –A flexible system of symbols that enables.
Back to Board Welcome to Jeopardy!. Back to Board Today’s Categories~ ~ Cognitive Psychology ~ Solving Problems ~ Obstacles to Solving Problems ~ Language.
Welcome to Jeopardy!.
Unit 7 Part II: Cognition
Its all about communication!!!
Language Acquisition Ms. Carmelitano.
Language.
Unit 3: Learning, Memory, Thinking, and Language
Thinking and Language.
Its all about communication!!!
Its all about communication!!!
Language by Mohammed, Mustafa and Mustafa
Cognition AP Psychology
Can we have thoughts without language? If so, what would that be like?
Language.
Language can be creative
Language.
Language Our spoken written or gestured words and the way we combine them to communicate meaning. Believe it or not, this communication is a form of language!!!
Thinking & Language.
Unit 7 Cognition.
The Development of Language Skills
Do Now Do you think children should be taught multiple languages? Why or why not?
A means of communication.
Its all about communication!!!
Language can be…...
Do Now Do you think children should be taught multiple languages? Why or why not?
Bell Work How does Skinner’s theory on language development differ from Chomsky’s?
Cognition: Language AP Psychology
A means of communication.
Ability to communicate through speech, written words, gestures
A means of communication.
A means of communication.
Development of Language
Language Language, our spoken, written, or gestured work, is the way we communicate meaning to ourselves and others. M. & E. Bernheim/ Woodfin Camp & Associates.
36.1 – Describe the structural components of language.
Language.
Thinking and Language Notes 10-4 (obj.11-12)
Thursday, November 15 What are the two types of fixation?
Unit 4/ #1 KQ: On what basis do we define a language?
Its all about communication!!!
A means of communication.
Its all about communication!!!
Presentation transcript:

Cognition Unit 6: We are here Algorithms Heuristics Biological Factors Representativeness Heuristic Compensatory Models Problem Solving Techniques Decision Making Techniques Availability Heuristic Unit 6: Cognition Obstacles to Problem Solving Obstacles to Decision Making Biological Factors Acquisition and use of Language We are here Cognitive Factors Cultural Factors

The “jewel” in the crown of cognition Language The “jewel” in the crown of cognition

Language can be…..

Language Facts 1. Linguists estimate that 6800 languages exist in the world today. 2. Only 600 languages have speaking populations robust enough to support their survival past the end of the century. Languages need at least 100,000 speakers to survive the ages 3. 66 percent of the world’s children are raised as bilingual speakers. 4. Only 6.3 percent of U.S. residents are bilingual. 5. 1/3 of the world’s languages originated in Africa

Language development How many words do you think you know now? Probably around 80,000. After age 1 you average about 13 words a day.

All languages contain…. Phonemes How many meanings can you make by varying the vowel phoneme between B and T? The smallest units of sound in a language. English has about 44 phonemes. Chug has three phonemes, ch, u, g. bat, has three phonemes b · a · t 869 Phonemes exist in the world. How many phonemes does platypus have?

Answers Bait, bat, beat/beet, bet bit, bite, boat, boot, bought, bout, and but. The consonant phonemes carry more information. The treth ef thes stetement shed be evedent frem thes bref demenstretien.

All languages contain…. Morphemes The smallest unit of meaning Can be words like a or but. Can also be parts of words like prefixes or suffixes…”ed” at the end of a word means past tense. How many morphemes in the word “cats”? Milk = milk Pumpkin = pump . kin Unforgettable = un · for · get · table 869 Phonemes exist in the world.

Structuring Language Phonemes Morphemes Words Phrase Sentence Basic sounds (about 40) … ea, sh. Morphemes Smallest meaningful units (100,000) … un, for. Words Meaningful units (290,500) … meat, pumpkin. Phrase Composed of two or more words (326,000) … meat eater. Sentence Composed of many words (infinite) … She opened the jewelry box.

Grammar Grammar is the system of rules in a language that enable us to communicate with and understand others. Grammar Semantics Syntax

Syntax Is this the White House or the House White? The rules for combining words into grammatically sensible sentences In English, adjectives come before nouns, but not in Spanish/French! Is this the White House or the House White?

English “She at an apple” Japanese “She an apple ate”

Semantics The set of rules by which we derive meaning in a language. Semantic rule tells us that adding –ed to the word laugh means that it happened in the past.

Language Acquisition Stages that we learn language… Babbling Stage Holophrastic Stage (one word stage; 1 yr old) Telegraphic Speech Stage (2-word stage; 2 yrs old) After the telegraphic stage we get overgeneralization. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_JmA2ClUvUY baby talk https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DqwzvtjeYBQ&feature=em-share_video_user joey tries to learn french

How do we learn language?

Social Learning Theory B.F. Skinner from the Behaviorist School Baby may imitate a parent. If they are reinforced they keep saying the word. If they are punished, they stop saying the word.

Chomsky’s Theory (Inborn Universal Grammar) We learn language too quickly for it to be through reinforcement and punishment. Inborn universal language acquisition device

Critical period No, childhood seems to represent a critical period for mastering certain aspects of language Once the critical period is over mastering the grammar of another language is very difficult When a young brain does not learn language its language-learning capacity never develops.

Does language influence our thinking?

Whorf’s Linguistic Determinism The idea that language determines the way we think. The Hopi tribe has no past tense in their language, so Whorf says they rarely think of the past.

Anecdotal Support 1984 “To destroy a people, destroy their language.” poet Joy Harjo Many bilinguals report they have a different sense of self depending on which language they speak (Matsumoto, 1994) English has a rich vocab for self-focused emotions such as anger While Japanese has more words for interpersonal emotions such as sympathy

We create when we have need Skiers have different words for snow Powder, corn, and ice Computer Revolution I hate that my hardware won’t run the new software I’m going to google it I’m just going to word process instead of IM’ing my friends or updating Myspace. You see, I’m really depressed that my Ipod won’t log on to Itunes. Experience shapes language.

We don’t think in words, when: Thinking in Images To a large extent thinking is language-based. When alone, we may talk to ourselves. However, we also think in images. We don’t think in words, when: OBJECTIVE 15| Discuss the value of thinking in images. 1. When we open the hot water tap. 2. When we are riding our bicycle.

Images and Brain Imagining a physical activity activates the same brain regions as when actually performing the activity. Jean Duffy Decety, September 2003

Do animals use language?