The LOGical solution for measuring Lubricants Oils Greases MINISCAN IR LOG The LOGical solution for measuring Lubricants Oils Greases CLEAR VISION SOUND STRATEGIES SOLID PERFORMANCE

Agenda MINISCAN IR LOG Oil Analysis Background Analyzer Features Operation Results CLEAR VISION SOUND STRATEGIES SOLID PERFORMANCE

MINISCAN IR LOG Background CLEAR VISION SOUND STRATEGIES SOLID PERFORMANCE

Measuring Oils & Greases One principle … … for all samples! CLEAR VISION SOUND STRATEGIES SOLID PERFORMANCE

Base Oils Base Oils V IV Group III Group II Group I V IV Group III - Viscosity Index + - Impurities + V IV Group III Group II Group I $$ COST $$ - Base Performance + IV & V Synthetic I, II & III Mineral-based Base Oils

(semi-slid lubricant) Lubricant Formulation Lubricant Composition PLUS THICKENING AGENT GREASE (semi-slid lubricant)

Performance enhancing: Lubricant Protection: Adding Additives The exact concentration and number of additives depends very highly on the end-use as well as the base oil and the intended in-service lifetime of the lubricant as requested by the market or regulations. ADDITIVES Surface Protection: Prevent wear & corrosion by chemical means either directly / indirectly or by tribological means Performance enhancing: Chemically improved lubricant Performance specific to The required application Lubricant Protection: Prolong the useful lube Lifetime via chemical means Anti-wear additives Viscosity Index Improver Anti-Oxidants Detergents & Dispersants Pour Point Depressant Corrosion & Rust Inhibitors Seal conditioner / swelling agent Anti-foam / defoamant Extreme Pressure Demulsifier / emulsifier Metal deactivators Complexing agent thickener

DEPOSITION CONTROL AGENT FORMATION (TRIBOLIGICALLY Additive Chemistry ADDITIVES Chemically Active / Reactive DEPOSITION CONTROL AGENT ANTI-OXIDANT Dispersant Detergent FILM FORMATION (TRIBOLIGICALLY ACTIVE) Friction Modifier Anti-wear Extreme Pressure Rust / Corrosion inhibitor INERT Viscosity Modifier Pour Point Depressant OTHER 1. Anti Foam 2. Demulsifier 3. Seal Swell Agent 4. Emulsifier 5. Dye 6. Odour Mask variable Table of the main additive types and some typical examples of each. The list is by no means exhaustive. Significant Spectroscopic changes as the oil is used and the additive depletes and/or reacts as designed or specified.

Principle of FTIR Spectroscopy Software Analysis

Example Lubricant Formulation

Exceeding Standards Measured w/ 100 μm path length Suggested by ASTM E2412 – 10 Component Measurement Zone (cm-1) 1 Water 3500-3150 2 Soot Loading Abs @ 2000 3 Oxidation 1800-1670 4 Nitration 1650-1600 5 Antiwear (DDP) 1025-960 6 Gasoline (Petrol) 755-745 7 Diesel (JP-5, JP8) 815-805 8 Sulfate by-products 1180-1120 9 Ethylene Glycol coolant 1100-1030 Some Extra Components Antiwear I + II [AW ZDDP] Antiwear by-product Extreme Pressure Aminic antioxidant Phenolic antioxidant Antifoam Dispersant WD 40 Ester Water - EHC Water - Polyol Ester Water - hydraulic stabilized Carbonate Sulfonate Detergent Measured w/ 100 μm path length 50, 100 or 1000 μm path length CLEAR VISION SOUND STRATEGIES SOLID PERFORMANCE

Typical Additives per Oil Type Bearing Compressor Crankcase Gear Oil Hydraulic Transmission Turbine Anti-Foam X Anti-Oxidant Anti-Wear Demulsifier Detergent Dispersant Dye Extreme Pressure Friction Modifier Pour Point Rust Inhibitor Viscosity Improver Table of the main additive types and some typical examples of each. The list is by no means exhaustive.

MINISCAN IR LOG Analyzer features, operation and results CLEAR VISION SOUND STRATEGIES SOLID PERFORMANCE

MINISCAN IR LOG FTIR analyzer for condition monitoring of lubes, oils & greases Range: 4000 – 650 cm-1 Resolution: 4 cm-1 Physical Attributes 7 kg /15 lbs 8” x 11.5” x 7.5” Optional PC Internal battery Dedicated sample interface Patented transmission interface Highly consistent pathlength High sample throughput Ajustable pathlength enables absorbance tuning for parameters Designed for field use! CLEAR VISION SOUND STRATEGIES SOLID PERFORMANCE

Benefits Versatility (multiple parameters) Portable and Convenient for Field Use Important e.g. for Construction, Mining, … Internal Battery (up to 4h operation) Easy to use for untrained personnel (Pass/Fail Guidance) Requires only one drop of sample (< 1mL) No chemicals for reference measurement Easy to clean, no rinsing required Fast: Results within minutes Robustness Robust housing and maintenance free transmission setup No limits for sample viscosity, resistant against particle contamination Accuracy Dial Path Setup (50, 100, 1000 micron) meets and exceeds ASTM Versatility (multiple parameters) CLEAR VISION SOUND STRATEGIES SOLID PERFORMANCE

„Traditional“ sample department in Benchtop Instruments Set-up and clean up means the sample to sample time can be in excess of 30 minutes, even for highly experienced operators. Three systems pictured. High costs, unreliable, many parts, consumables, time consuming, cleaning agent volumes. SAMPLE ~0.5-1 HOUR, every sample requires disassembly and then re-assembly

NO assembly required, permanent fixed tuneable pathlength MINISCAN IR LOG Sample Department NO assembly required, permanent fixed tuneable pathlength MINISCAN IR LOG Dedicated for Oils, Lubes & Greases Usable for High Viscosity Liquids Low Cleaning Solvent Usage Usable for Greases Highly Repeatable Data High Throughput Easy to Use Software Small Sample Volumes

Simple Operation 1. Place Sample on Lower Window 2. Rotate into place 3. Once in place analyze the sample 4. Cleaning is easy! CLEAR VISION SOUND STRATEGIES SOLID PERFORMANCE

Example results for a gear oil Simple Operation Example results for a gear oil

Simple Operation Background Collection Sample Data / Spectra Collection Actionable & scaleable results

Results NEW In-service In-service In-service In-service In-service In-service Compressor oil Example A B C D E F G Water (ppm) 1,125 462 113 49 50 Phenolic anti-ox (wt%) 0.29 Aminic (wt %) 3.34 1.15 0.56 0.44 0.50 0.36 0.33 Anti-Wear ZDDP (Area) 23.7 14.9 5.4 4.4 6.4 5.7 5.8 Extreme Pressure (area) 159 94 43 48 40 39 Oxidation 9.19 51.95 62.69 70.95 81.91 91.09 Sulfate / Sulfonate 209.5 133.6 38.9 26.2 44.3 36.4 39.3 Nitration (Area) 0.0 0.1 0.3 0.4 Increasing Age/Operation time of the Oil → → Chronological Order

Results

Results

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