Section 2.1 Matter Objectives Identify the characteristics of matter and substances Differentiate among the three states of matter Define physical property and list several common physical properties of substances

Properties of Matter Matter anything that has _____________________________________ Mass The amount of ______________________________________. Note ______________________________________________. Substance _______________________________contain only one kind of matter.

Physical Properties Physical Property – a quality or condition of a substance that Examples of physical properties are

Properties of Solids, Liquids, Gases Has a definite ________________________ Does not depend on the shape of its container Almost incompressible Liquid Particles are in close contact but not rigidly packed Can flow and _______________________________ __________________________________________

Properties of Solids, Liquids, Gases _________________________ “Gas” is limited to those substances who are in a gaseous state at room temperature. “Vapor” describes the gaseous state of a substance that is a liquid or a solid at room temperature.

Physical Changes A change which alters a given material without changing its composition is called a Examples are Melting a metal, melting ice, boiling water

Section 2.2 - Mixtures Objectives Categorize a sample of matter as a substance or a mixture Distinguish between homogeneous and heterogeneous samples of matter

Classifying Mixtures A mixture is a physical blend of two or more substances. Salad with lettuce, tomatoes, carrots Blood – with water, cells, chemicals Each of these mixtures can vary in composition ____________________________________ – if you were to sample the mixture in two different places the composition wouldn’t be the same (salad) ____________________________________– if you were to sample the mixtures in two different places, the composition would be the same (salt water)

Phases in Mixtures System Examples Carbon dioxide and oxygen in nitrogen (air) Water vapor in air (moist air) Carbon dioxide in water (soda water) Acetic acid in water (vinegar) Sodium chloride in water (salt water or brine) Copper in silver (sterling silver, an alloy) Phase – any part of a system with uniform composition and properties is a phase. Homogeneous mixtures are one phase.

Separating Mixtures __________________________________________________ Magnet to separate iron filings from sulfur. Distillation can be used to separate pure water from impurities.

Section 2.3 – Elements and Compounds Objectives Explain the difference between an element and a compound. Identify the chemical symbols of common elements, and name common elements given their symbols

Elements vs. Compounds _______________________ are the simplest forms of matter that can exist under normal laboratory conditions. Elements cannot be separated into simpler substances by Examples: _______________________ are made when two or more elements combine chemically, like H2O or CO2 . Compounds can be separated into simpler substances by

Chemical Symbols Some chemical symbols are easy to remember Others are not so easy, and come from Latin or other sources

Section 2.4 – Chemical Reactions Objectives Differentiate between physical and chemical changes in matter Apply the law of conservation of mass

Changing reactants to products _________________________________- one or more substances react and change into a new substance Example: The starting substances are called The ending substances are called Words that convey that a chemical change has occurred include:

Chemical Properties Chemical properties tell you something about the ability of a substance to undergo a chemical reaction to form new substances ____________________ is a chemical property of iron ____________________ is a chemical property of waste organic material ____________________ is a chemical property of wood

Chemical reactions How can you tell if a reaction has taken place? Energy is always ____________________________ ____________________________during a reaction Change in _________________________________ silver chromate forms when yellow sodium chromate is added to clear silver nitrate Production of _________________________________ zinc + hydrochloric acid releases H2 gas Most chemical changes are not easily reversed, like many physical changes are.

Conservation of Mass – Key concept _______________________________________________– mass is neither created or destroyed in a chemical reaction. When you burn wood at a beach bonfire, the reaction produces It may seem that the amount of matter has been reduced when you look at the ash pile. However, if you carefully measure the mass of the reactants and the mass of the products, you would find they are the same.

Conservation of Mass