Properties of Matter

Please Answer the following “Properties” *When you hear the word Properties, what do you think of? “an important or distinctive quality of a thing” Can you think of any types of Properties?

Physical Properties: * PHYSICAL Properties: A characteristic of a substance that we use the five senses to observe or can be measured. *Physical properties do NOT change what the substance is. Can you list some examples of physical properties…?

*Examples of Physical Properties: Luster (shine) Size (volume) Smell Taste Density Mass Color Boiling point Melting point State of matter (solid, etc.) Strength Hardness Shape Solubility (dissolving) Flame Test here

Chemical Properties: *CHEMICAL Properties: *The way a substance reacts with others to form new substances with different properties. Can you list some examples of chemical properties…?

*Examples of Chemical Properties: Reactivity Flammability Oxidation Decomposition (Rusting) (Breaking down) Observing a Chemical Change

*Identify each of the following as either a Physical change (P) or a chemical change (C) 8. Baking cookies. 9. Diamonds are used to scratch glass. 10. A tree burns to form ashes. 11. A piece of paper is crumpled up. 12. Water freezes to form ice. 13. Food rotting. 14. A candle wick burning. 15. Candle wax melting. 1. You cut your hair. 2. Making a peanut, pretzel and cereal mixture. 3. Baking soda reacts with vinegar and forms a gas. 4. A piece of metal is bent in half. 5. An aspirin is crushed into fine powder. 6. Copper turns green when exposed to the environment. 7. Two clear liquids are mixed and a yellow color forms.

Identify each of the following as either a Physical change (P) or a chemical change (C) 1. You cut your hair. 2. Making a peanut, pretzel and cereal mixture. 3. Baking soda reacts with vinegar and forms a gas. 4. A piece of metal is bent in half. 5. An aspirin is crushed into fine powder. 6. Copper turns green when exposed to the environment. 7. Two clear liquids are mixed and a yellow color forms. P C 8. Baking cookies. 9. Diamonds are used to scratch glass. 10. A tree burns to form ashes. 11. A piece of paper is crumpled up. 12. Water freezes to form ice. 13. Food rotting. 14. A candle wick burning. 15. Candle wax melting. P P C C P P P P C C C P P C

Most elements are metals (88 elements) *Properties of Metals Most elements are metals (88 elements) *Physical Properties of Metals: Luster (shininess) Ductile (most metals can be drawn out into thin wires) Malleable (most metals can be hammered into thin sheets) High density (heavy for their size) High melting point Good conductors of heat and electricity *Chemical Properties of Metals: Easily lose electrons Corrode easily What is corrosion? Corrosion is a gradual wearing away from a chemical Rxn. (Example: silver tarnishing and iron rusting) Most Non flammable Example: Mg, Au, Na

*Properties of Non-Metals *Physical Properties of Nonmetals: No luster (dull appearance) Brittle (breaks easily) Not ductile Not malleable Low density Low melting point Poor conductors of heat and electricity *Chemical Properties of Nonmetals: Tend to gain electrons Some are flammable Example: O, Cl, N

*Properties of Metalloids Have properties of both metals and nonmetals. *Physical Properties of Metalloids: Solids Can be shiny or dull Ductile Malleable Conduct heat and electricity better than nonmetals but not as well as metals. Not good insulators! *Chemical Properties of Metalloids: They share chemical properties between both metals and non-metals. Example: As, Sb, Ge

*Intrinsic vs. Extrinsic Properties *Intrinsic - Properties that do not depend on the amount of matter in something. *Extrinsic - Properties that do depend on the amount of matter in something.

*Intrinsic or Extrinsic? 1.Mass 2. Color 3. Odor 4. Length 5. Luster 6. Malleability 7. Ductility 8. Conductivity 9. Weight 10. Melting/Freezing 11. Hardness 12. Volume 13. Boiling Point 1. Mass E 2. Color I 3. Odor I 4. Length E 5. Luster I 6. Malleability I 7. Ductility I 8. Conductivity I 9. Weight E 10.Melting/Freezing I 11. Hardness I 12. Volume E 13. Boiling Point I

*Exothermic Reactions *Exothermic: a chemical reaction that releases heat energy. Where does this energy comes from ? The release of energy comes from the breaking of the bonds in the chemical reaction. A release of heat energy leads to higher temperature surrounding the reaction. Examples: Burning fossil fuels Hand warmers

*Endothermic Reactions *Endothermic process: a chemical reaction that requires or absorbs heat. If in an exothermic reaction, bonds are breaking , then in an endothermic reaction, bonds must be doing what? Bonds are reforming during an endothermic reaction! Examples How Ice packs work! Photosynthesis is an endothermic reaction (absorbs energy from the sun)

Measuring Heat reaction reaction *In an Exothermic reaction, heat is given off & the temperature of water rises. Can you think of any labs where heat was given off? In the CaCL2 Lab, the temperature of the water increased. reaction *In an Endothermic reaction, heat is taken in & the temperature of water drops. When you mix the chemicals in cold pack together, the reaction absorbs heat energy and the temperature of the cold pack decreases.

Physical and Chemical Organizer Properties vs. Changes Physical and Chemical Organizer

*What is the difference between a chemical and a physical property? *A physical property can be observed using your 5 senses but… *a chemical property is the way a substance will react with other substances.

CHANGES IN MATTER *Two types of changes: Chemical and Physical

CHANGES IN MATTER * PHYSICAL Changes: *When a physical property is changed… It will physically change the appearance of the substance, but it is still the same substance! For example: *Painting a car different color *Tearing piece of paper

CHANGES IN MATTER *CHEMICAL Changes: *When a chemical property is changed, this results in the creation of a NEW substance with all new properties. *You cannot get back the original substance. For example: *Spoiled milk… no longer milk! *Metal rusting- not as strong as before! *Piece of paper burning!

Scientific Notation Think about the number line: + - -2 -1 1 2

YELLOW Spectrum text book Practice Problems YELLOW Spectrum text book “Practice” Pg. 56 #(1-2) #(6-7) #(8-9)

Scientific Notation When you see a number like: 3.46 E-4 Come up on your calculator… Do NOT write that… here’s what you do…

Scientific Notation 3.46 E-4 … The E-4 means x10-4 And here is how you translate that into a number. The exponent (-4) tells you how many times to move the decimal point (4). And what direction to move it in (left for -)

Scientific Notation So for 3.46 E-4 You will move the decimal point 4 times to the left. (negative is to the left on the number line!!!) = .000346

Scientific Notation Let’s practice: Change 4.86 E3 into a regular number… Need to move the decimal 3 times and to the right because the 3 is positive. = 4860

Scientific Notation YOUR TURN: 1.) 9.325 E-2 2.) 2.1903 E4 3.) 7.473 x10-6 4.) 3.801 x105 ANSWERS: 1.) .09325 2.) 21903 3.) .000007473 4.) 380100