Informational text Journal Prompt: Can appearances be deceiving? Think about: What are the consequences of trusting appearances? How do the following two sayings tie into the prompt? Don’t judge a book by its cover. Beauty is only skin deep.

Informational text - opening Nonfiction reading strategies P – Preview content and structure. Begin an Outline by writing the Title at the top of your C- Notes. Add a Roman Numeral for each main heading, and a capital letter for all subheadings under each Roman Numeral. L – Locate visual information. Write each graphic aid under the appropriate heading in your outline. A – Add information. Look for bold words and add them under the appropriate heading. N – Note your reflections on the information as you read. Write any important information and questions you have as you read by adding numbers under the capital letters.

Informational text - opening reading strategies Title I. Main heading A. Subheading 1. Details 2. Details B. Subheading II. Main Heading

Nonfiction Text Structures Description- written to give the reader a visual of what the writer is saying Signal Words – for example, for instance, characteristics include, specifically, in addition. Visual:

Nonfiction Text Structures Description Signal Words – for example, for instance, characteristics include, specifically, in addition. Example: The playground at Northside Park is built for fun. There are plenty of ways to get to the top – a ladder, a stairway, and even a rock wall! Once at the top, kids can find plenty of things to play with, like a curved tube, two different steering wheels, and even a tic-tac-toe board. And two curved sliding boards make the perfect way to return to the ground. What is this paragraph describing? Description paragraphs are written to put a picture in the reader’s mind. The paragraph is describing a playground.

Nonfiction Text Structures Sequence and Order – the order in which events occur (chronological) Signal Words – before, in the beginning, to start, first, next, during, after, then, finally, last, in the middle, in the end. Visual: 1 2 3

Nonfiction Text Structures Sequence and Order Signal Words – before, in the beginning, to start, first, next, during, after, then, finally, last, in the middle, in the end. Example: In the spring, toads lay their eggs in ponds, lakes, and puddles. Then tiny tadpoles come out of the eggs. The tadpoles live in the water for several weeks. Next the tadpoles start to develop back legs, and then front legs. Finally the tadpoles lose their tails. They are ready to come out of the waters – as tiny, tiny toads! Notice this paragraph shows how toads grow up. What words does the author use to connect the ideas?

Nonfiction Text Structures Compare and Contrast – similarities and differences between two topics Signal Words – similar, alike, same, just like, both, different, in contrast, on the other hand. Visual: Similarities Differences Differences

Nonfiction Text Structures Compare and Contrast Signal Words – similar, alike, same, just like, both, different, in contrast, on the other hand. Visual: Difference Similarity Difference Difference Similarity Difference Difference Similarity Difference

Nonfiction Text Structures Compare and Contrast Signal Words – similar, alike, same, just like, both, different, in contrast, on the other hand. Example: The two backyard pools are very different. Yes, they both held water. And both could be refreshing on a hot day. But the small inflatable pool was only six inches deep. The rectangular pool was much deeper. It was a better place for floating and relaxing. Which words help the reader see the similarities and differences?

Nonfiction Text Structures Cause and Effect – one event causes changes in one or more objects Signal Words – since, because, if, due to, as a result of, so, then, leads to, consequently. Sometimes one cause can have multiple effects. Effect Visual: Cause Effect Effect

Nonfiction Text Structures Cause and Effect Signal Words – since, because, if, due to, as a result of, so, then, leads to, consequently. Example: Sand castles do not last long on an ocean beach. The water levels change with the tide. When the tide is low, the waves don’t come all the way up the beach. When the tide “comes in”, at high tide, the water comes farther up the beach. As a result, sand castles get destroyed by the strong waves. Can you find the cause? What is the effect?

Nonfiction Text Structures Problem and Solution – an issue or conflict is presented along with a way to solve the issue or conflict Signal Words – problem, issue, cause, since, consequently, therefore, as a result, because of, leads to, due to, solve, so, then Visual:

Nonfiction Text Structures Problem and Solution Signal Words – problem, issue, cause, since, consequently, therefore, as a result, because of, leads to, due to, solve, so, then Example: Sometimes, hawks and owls are badly injured by cars. These birds face a huge problem, because they can no longer hunt for food. One solution is to keep the birds at special rehabilitation centers. People can visit the centers to learn more about hawks and owls. What is the problem? What is the solution?

Work period – day 1 Review text structures slides and examples. Read the practice slides and determine the text structure used in each practice.

Practice - 1 We had a great time on the raft ride! The ride begins with a walk up a double flight of stairs. Then, riders wait until a raft comes up the conveyor belt. A lifeguard helps people onto the raft. Once the green light comes on, all it takes is a push to get the raft sliding into the deep, dark tunnel. After sliding through a few twists and turns, the raft emerges back into the light and riders find themselves in a small pool and ready to go again! Description Cause and Effect Sequence and Order Problem and Solution Compare and Contrast

Practice - 2 The apple orchard was beautiful on the spring morning. Tiny white blossoms dotted the trees. The green grass sparkled with dew. Mist drifted against the faraway mountains. Description Cause and Effect Sequence and Order Problem and Solution Compare and Contrast

Practice - 3 A beech tree has very smooth bark. Unfortunately, this can cause a problem for the tree. Sometimes people decide that they want to write their names in the bark. When they do this, they can harm the tree. Diseases can attack the tree through the cuts in the bark. Trees can die because of these diseases. Description Cause and Effect Sequence and Order Problem and Solution Compare and Contrast

Practice - 4 Run-off can be a big problem for streams. When heavy rains come, the water washes oil, pollutants, and soil into streams. This can harm fish and other living creatures. But the problem of run-off can be solved by planting trees and bushes along streams. These plants form buffer zones that protect the water from pollutants. Description Cause and Effect Sequence and Order Problem and Solution Compare and Contrast

Practice - 5 When a building is abandoned, nature takes over. Animals such as mice, snakes, and bats move in. Vines grow on the outside. Snow and rain cause wood to rot and beams to break. When the roof finally collapses, trees and weeds can grow inside the building. Description Cause and Effect Sequence and Order Problem and Solution Compare and Contrast

Practice - 6 Have you ever visited the beach in the evening? It becomes a very different place. Instead of colorful umbrellas, crackling campfires dot the beach. The lifeguard chairs are not busy and bustling, like during the day, but quiet and empty. The crowds of the afternoon are gone, leaving only their footprints behind. Description Cause and Effect Sequence and Order Problem and Solution Compare and Contrast

Practice - 7 In northern areas, the weather is too cold to grow crops all year long. But some farmers have found a way to grow food all year. A greenhouse is a special building that stays warm in the winter. Crops like lettuce and basil can grow well in the greenhouse, even when the weather is cold! Description Cause and Effect Sequence and Order Problem and Solution Compare and Contrast

Practice - 8 A tiny hiding place was nestled under the green vines. Inside the nook sat two benches and a small table. The table was set up to play checkers with butterflies and ladybugs. It looked like the perfect place to relax on a hot summer day. Description Cause and Effect Sequence and Order Problem and Solution Compare and Contrast

Work period – day 1 Turn to page 906 and answer all of the “Before You Read” questions in your spiral. Read What do you Know About Sharks? On pages 908 – 914. Use the strategies we went over in the opening, making your outline in your spiral. Answer ALL questions in the margins as you read. Answer the “After Reading” questions 1 – 8 in your spiral.

Informational review – day 2 opening (warm-up) Answer the following questions in your Spiral: What benefits do you see from the strategies we learned for nonfiction text yesterday? Review your answer to number 8 in the textbook from yesterday’s reading. How does author’s use of the objective point of view influence your response to the article? Give text evidence that shows how the author’s objective point of view could influence you.

Work period – day 2 We discussed how the author’s use of objective point of view can influence a piece of nonfiction writing. Read Great White Sharks on pages 920 – 925. As you read, make notes about the main ideas on your outline in your spiral. Also, as you come across examples of the author’s bias, note those in your spiral for that section. Answer the “After Reading” questions 1 – 6 in your spiral.

closing What examples of author’s bias did you find? Include the text evidence for your claims. How can remembering author’s bias help make your expository writing better? In your group, make a Double Bubble Map comparing and contrasting Expository Texts and Narratives.