Urban Heat Island and Street Design The case of the city of Doha in Qatar Sunrise in Doha - © 2016 - D. Gauthier IAIA Conference 2017 - Montreal, Quebec, Canada Daniel Gauthier - Landscape Architect, Environmental & Sustainability Manager - CSLA, GSAS CGP

Qatar and Doha Qatar and Doha - Contrast between old and new Traditional Dhows and Business district - © 2016 - D. Gauthier

content What are Urban Heat Islands (UHI) Urban Heat Islands in Doha, Qatar TRADITIONAL streets of Qatar GREEN BUILDINGS CERTIFICATION AND uhi Public Realm guidelines and UHI

What Are Urban Heats Islands ? Shaded street in Doha - © 2016 - D. Gauthier Workers resting in the shade- © 2015 - D. Gauthier copyright

What ARE URBAN HEAT ISLANDS ? Typical differences in temperatures between city centers are rural area, late afternoon °C 33 32 31 30 Downtown 29 Commercial Urban Residential Suburban Residential Park Rural Farmland Suburban Residential Rural © 2016 - D. Gauthier based on an EPA illustration

What ARE URBAN HEAT ISLANDS ? What are the contributing factors to UHI Season time of the day Water bodies Shade Evapotranspiration Solar Reflectance Urban Canopy Layer Sky view factor Anthropogenic Contributions

Urban Heats Islands in doha, qatar Intense sun in Al Wakrah - © 2015 - D. Gauthier

Urban Heat Island in Doha, Qatar Long summer season Arabian Gulf North & West winds 07:00 pm © 2016 - Makido S., Shandas V., Ferwati S., Sailor D. Doha 01:00 pm Qatar Saudi Arabia United Arab Emirates 06:00 am

Urban Heat Island in Doha, Qatar Long summer season Arabian Gulf North & West winds Scarce vegetation Over dimensioned streets paved with asphalt. Wide streets, low buildings Streets of Doha- © 2017 - D. Gauthier

Urban Heat Island in Doha, Qatar Long summer season Arabian Gulf North & West winds Scarce vegetation Over dimensioned streets paved with asphalt. Wide streets, low buildings Dark building material with low solar reflectance Center Business district of Doha- © 2017 - D. Gauthier

Urban Heat Island in Doha, Qatar Long summer season Arabian Gulf North & West winds Scarce vegetation Over dimensioned streets paved with asphalt. Wide streets, low buildings Dark building material with low solar reflectance Heavy traffic and no electric public transportation yet Metro of Doha- © 2017 - D. Gauthier

Traditional streets of DOHA Old street of Doha - © 2015 - D. Gauthier

Traditional streets of doha Narrow streets Shading casts by buildings Pale color material Streets oriented toward the Gulf to catch the breeze Little human activities generating heat Doha in 1949 © 2005-2017 John Lockerbie

Traditional streets of doha Old street of Doha - © 2017 - D. Gauthier

Traditional streets of doha Old street of Doha - © 2016 - D. Gauthier

Traditional streets of doha Old street of Doha - © 2015 - D. Gauthier

Traditional streets of doha Old street of Doha - © 2016 - D. Gauthier

GREEN BUILDING CERTIFICATION AND UHI

GREEN BUILDING CERTIFICATION and UHI Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design(LEED) internationally recognized Global Sustainability Assessment System (GSAS) in Gulf countries One scheme is dedicated to districts and infrastructures One of the criteria is evaluating the impact of the Project on UHI.

GREEN BUILDING CERTIFICATION and UHI GSAS Criteria OE1 – Heat Island Effect: minimize Heat Island Effect to reduce its impact on the surrounding habitat and environment. Evaluation is based only on 1) sky view factor and 2) solar reflectance of material comparing before and after situations

Public Realm Guidelines and UHI Qatar National Public Realm Guidelines- © 2014 - AECOM Old street of Doha - © 2015 - D. Gauthier

Public realm guidelines and uhi Released in 2014, goal of the guidelines is: “To begin a paradigm shift from a public realm primarily driven by the needs of vehicular-based transport to a more human-scale pedestrian friendly country”. Vision for street design include: Streets design for people Streets that reflects the local culture Streets which are resilient Streets which promote positive behaviors Qatar National Public Realm Guidelines- © 2014 - AECOM

Public realm guidelines and uhi Historical Center Streets Qatar National Public Realm Guidelines- © 2014 - AECOM Old street of Doha - © 2016 - D. Gauthier

Public realm guidelines and uhi Mixed Used Streets Qatar National Public Realm Guidelines- © 2014 - AECOM Old street of Doha - © 2016 - D. Gauthier

NEXT STEPS EGIS is currently developing a comprehensive approach for assessing UHI related to infrastructures such as urban highways. It will include: Baseline Surveys including mapping tools using GIS, ground-borne thermic cameras and meteorological micro-sensors; Impact Assessment using GIS based modeling tools Measures Development including nature based and engineering solutions. Qatar National Public Realm Guidelines- © 2014 - AECOM Old street of Doha - © 2016 - D. Gauthier

Thank you ! Daniel Gauthier Landscape Architect Environmental & Sustainability Manager daniel.gauthier@egis.fr Souq Al Wakrah- © 2015 - D. Gauthier