World War II (1931-1945) Lesson 5 The Home Front

World War II (1931-1945) Lesson 5 The Home Front Learning Objectives Examine how the need to support the war effort changed American lives. Analyze the effects of the war on civil liberties for Japanese Americans and others. Explain how World War II increased opportunities for women and minorities. Describe how World War II caused migration within the United States and the effects of that migration.

World War II (1931-1945) Lesson 5 The Home Front Key Terms war bond rationing Office of War Information (OWI) internment 442nd Regimental Combat Team A. Philip Randolph Executive Order 8802 Demographics bracero program

Patriotism on the Home Front While fathers, sons, husbands, and brothers served overseas, their families served on the home front. Every American, regardless of age or background, was expected to help boost morale and make sacrifices to shoulder the cost of the war. The war effort stirred patriotism and caused ordinary citizens to take exceptional actions.

National debt went 42 billion to 269 billion WWII cost $330 billion National debt went 42 billion to 269 billion Paid for in war bonds – 10 year investment Rationing – US government limited the amount of goods you could buy Used coupon books Victory gardens – 1/3 of fresh food grown in back yards Office of War Information – helped keep moral up by minimizing racial and economic divisions and downplayed poverty and crime. USO – celebrities that boosted moral of soldiers Patriotism on the Home Front

Patriotism on the Home Front Posters like this classic one encouraged women to do their part by working in the defense industry.

Patriotism on the Home Front GDP, Gross Domestic Product, is the yearly value of the goods and services created by a nation. Compare Explain the relationship among the three graphs shown here.

Japanese Internment During World War II Not all Americans were included in the spirit of unity. The attack on Pearl Harbor also spread fear across America. The federal government began drafting policies aimed toward immigrants and aliens from the Axis nations. Aliens are foreign citizens living in the United States. All resident 'enemy aliens' were required to register with the government, submit to fingerprinting, and list their organizational affiliations.

Fear won out especially with Japanese – Americans EO 9066 – over 100,000 Japanese Americans were forced to sell their property at loss and go into interment camps. Only on West Coast – not in Hawaii (1/3) Internment – temporary imprisonment of Japanese Americans – men, women, children In 1988, the US government apologies and gave $20,000 to surviving internees 442nd Regimental Combat Team – all Japanese Americans, fought in Germany – most decorated military unit in American History Japanese Internment During World War II

Japanese Internment During World War II All German, Italian, and Japanese citizens in the United States had to register with the U.S. government. Identify Supporting Details Why was this notice printed in four languages?

Increased Opportunities in Employment All over the United States, American industry quickly converted to war production to meet the nation's military needs. As the economic effects of World War II brought the Great Depression to an end, the millions of unemployed men who had been such a common sight during the 1930s seemed to vanish overnight. They either joined the military, worked to produce food for the world on the nation's rich farms, or labored in factories producing war materiel. Soon, factories needed to hire workers outside of their usual pool of mostly white men. To keep production going, more women and more African Americans found opportunity in defense industries, although they still faced significant obstacles to gaining and succeeding in those jobs.

The Great Depression vanished over night during WWII Still needed more workers Rosie the Riveter – symbol for an army of women who made artillery shells, sewed uniforms, and welded planes Still paid less Hostility 1/3 of workers were women Daycare centers grew 60% of workers were over 35 years Would lead to Women civil rights movement Increased Opportunities in Employment

Increased Opportunities in Employment Double V campaign – African American Civil Rights campaign victory in war and victory against discrimination at home A. Philip Randolph – civil rights leader during WWII era. Demanded AA right to work and fight for our country Gave FDR list of demands and to protest in DC Executive Order 8802 – defense jobs must have fair hiring practices NAACP and CORE membership grew.

Increased Opportunities in Employment During World War II, women gained well-paying factory jobs. Cite Evidence Look at the photo. What details can you find that make the work seem pleasant or unpleasant?

Increased Opportunities in Employment Describe Describe trends in women working during and immediately after World War II.

Migration During World War II Wartime needs encouraged migration. People from rural areas, whites and African Americans, moved north to industrial cities and west to California. They sought jobs in wartime industries or near military bases. Farmers looked for creative ways to keep their farms producing necessary food. The moving population and new jobs invigorated Americans but the effects of changing demographics also led to strain and unrest in some areas.

Bracero program – allowed laborers from Mexico to work on US farms Great Migration – when African Americans moved to Northern cities to work in factories during WWII. Demographics – statistics that show human characteristics of a population. Bracero program – allowed laborers from Mexico to work on US farms Race riot in Detroit and Zoot Suit Riot in LA. Migration During World War II

Migration During World War II Military bases and war-related industries increased existing migration trends to western states. Analyze Maps Why did the middle of the country have little population growth during the 1940s?

Migration During World War II This Mexican family heads to the United States to help fill jobs under the bracero program, which continued into the 1960s.

Quiz: Patriotism on the Home Front Americans on the home front demonstrated their patriotism and helped combat shortages by A. purchasing government war bonds. B. growing their own food in “victory gardens.” C. buying and selling coupon books for rationed goods. D. contributing to a “black market” for consumer goods.

Quiz: Japanese Internment During World War II Over 100,000 Japanese Americans were forced into internment camps as a result of Executive Order 9066, which A. classified them as enemy combatants. B. designated certain areas as war zones. C. retroactively revoked their citizenship. D. banned resident aliens from owning property.

Quiz: Increased Opportunities in Employment President Roosevelt helped increase employment opportunities for African Americans when he A. issued Executive Order 8802. B. instituted the Congress of Racial Equality. C. created the Office of Price Administration. D. founded the United Service Organizations.

Quiz: Migration During World War II Through the government’s bracero program, A. Japanese Americans were allowed to serve in the military. B. laborers migrated from Mexico to work on farms in the West. C. African American workers were paid the same wages as whites. D. laborers migrated from Mexico to work in factories in the North.