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Print out the handouts 1. Classical conditioning - Q (Questions) 2. Classical conditioning – A (Answers) 3. Reinforcement & Punishment 4. Reinforcement schedules

Classical conditioning Pavlov Learning to associate one thing (the stimulus) with another, producing a behavior (the response).

Classical conditioning Pavlov Classical conditioning Questions

Classical conditioning Pavlov Complete the classical conditioning questions handout The answers for the first two cases are on the slides below 3. Complete remainder on your own The answers are in the “Classical Conditioning - A “ handout

1. Omar at the dentist Unconditioned Stimulus: Unconditioned Response: While Omar was having a cavity filled by his dentist, a few times the drill hit a nerve that had not been dulled by anesthetic. Each time he cringed in pain. Omar now gets anxious each time he sees the dentist. Unconditioned Stimulus: Unconditioned Response: Conditioned Stimulus: Conditioned Response:

1. Omar at the dentist Unconditioned Stimulus: Drill hitting the nerve While Omar was having a cavity filled by his dentist, a few times the drill hit a nerve that had not been dulled by anesthetic. Each time he cringed in pain. Omar now gets anxious each time he sees the dentist. Unconditioned Stimulus: Drill hitting the nerve Unconditioned Response: Conditioned Stimulus: Conditioned Response:

1. Omar at the dentist Unconditioned Stimulus: Drill hitting the nerve While Omar was having a cavity filled by his dentist, a few times the drill hit a nerve that had not been dulled by anesthetic. Each time he cringed in pain. Omar now gets anxious each time he sees the dentist. Unconditioned Stimulus: Drill hitting the nerve Unconditioned Response: Cringing Conditioned Stimulus: Conditioned Response:

1. Omar at the dentist Unconditioned Stimulus: Drill hitting the nerve While Omar was having a cavity filled by his dentist, a few times the drill hit a nerve that had not been dulled by anesthetic. Each time he cringed in pain. Omar now gets anxious each time he sees the dentist. Unconditioned Stimulus: Drill hitting the nerve Unconditioned Response: Cringing Conditioned Stimulus: Seeing the dentist Conditioned Response:

1. Omar at the dentist Unconditioned Stimulus: Drill hitting the nerve While Omar was having a cavity filled by his dentist, a few times the drill hit a nerve that had not been dulled by anesthetic. Each time he cringed in pain. Omar now gets anxious each time he sees the dentist. Unconditioned Stimulus: Drill hitting the nerve Unconditioned Response: Cringing Conditioned Stimulus: Seeing the dentist Conditioned Response: Cringing

2. Maria eats fried chicken Maria eats fried chicken that has E. coli in it and ends up vomiting for hours that night. Luckily, she recovers within a day, but now just the thought (or the sight or the smell) of fried chicken makes her nauseated. Unconditioned Stimulus: Unconditioned Response: Conditioned Stimulus: Conditioned Response:

2. Maria eats fried chicken Maria eats fried chicken that has E. coli in it and ends up vomiting for hours that night. Luckily, she recovers within a day, but now just the thought (or the sight or the smell) of fried chicken makes her nauseated. Unconditioned Stimulus: E. Coli Unconditioned Response: Conditioned Stimulus: Conditioned Response:

2. Maria eats fried chicken Maria eats fried chicken that has E. coli in it and ends up vomiting for hours that night. Luckily, she recovers within a day, but now just the thought (or the sight or the smell) of fried chicken makes her nauseated. Unconditioned Stimulus: E. Coli Unconditioned Response: Vomiting Conditioned Stimulus: Conditioned Response:

2. Maria eats fried chicken Maria eats fried chicken that has E. coli in it and ends up vomiting for hours that night. Luckily, she recovers within a day, but now just the thought (or the sight or the smell) of fried chicken makes her nauseated. Unconditioned Stimulus: E. Coli Unconditioned Response: Vomiting Conditioned Stimulus: Thought or sight or smell of fried chicken Conditioned Response:

2. Maria eats fried chicken Maria eats fried chicken that has E. coli in it and ends up vomiting for hours that night. Luckily, she recovers within a day, but now just the thought (or the sight or the smell) of fried chicken makes her nauseated. Unconditioned Stimulus: E. Coli Unconditioned Response: Vomiting Conditioned Stimulus: Thought or sight or smell of fried chicken Conditioned Response: Nausea

Classical conditioning Pavlov Complete remainder on your own All answers are in the “Classical Conditioning - A” Handout

Operant conditioning B. F. Skinner Behavior is influenced by its consequences. Reinforcement increases behavior Positive reinforcement – getting what you do want Negative reinforcement – eliminating what you don’t want Punishment reduces behavior Positive punishment – Getting what you don’t want Negative punishment – Not getting what you do want Skinner Box

Reinforcement & punishment Class handout B. F. Skinner Skinner Box

Reinforcement & punishment handout B. F. Skinner Determine the type of reinforcement or punishment for these cases. The answers for cases 1- 4 are in the slides below Complete the rest on your own All Answers are provided in a slide below Skinner Box

Reinforcement & punishment What behavior is changing? Reinforcement increases behavior Punishment decreases behavior Something added = positive Something subtracted = negative 1. When Olivia makes rude noises at the dinner table, she gets her mouth washed out with soap. She doesn’t make rude noises that often anymore. Positive reinforcement Negative reinforcement Positive punishment Negative punishment

Reinforcement & punishment What behavior is changing? Reinforcement increases behavior Punishment decreases behavior Something added = positive Something subtracted = negative 1. When Olivia makes rude noises at the dinner table, she gets her mouth washed out with soap. She doesn’t make rude noises that often anymore. Positive reinforcement Negative reinforcement Positive punishment Negative punishment “Positive” does not mean good.

Reinforcement & punishment What behavior is changing? Reinforcement increases behavior Punishment decreases behavior Something added = positive Something subtracted = negative 2. Little Joey gets yelled at when he acts up in class. Now he’s acting up even more. Positive reinforcement Negative reinforcement Positive punishment Negative punishment

Reinforcement & punishment What behavior is changing? Reinforcement increases behavior Punishment decreases behavior Something added = positive Something subtracted = negative 2. Little Joey gets yelled at when he acts up in class. Now he’s acting up even more. Positive reinforcement Negative reinforcement Positive punishment Negative punishment

Reinforcement & punishment What behavior is changing? Reinforcement increases behavior Punishment decreases behavior Something added = positive Something subtracted = negative 3. Because Tameka earned an A in each of her classes, she doesn’t have to do her usual chore of vacuuming this month. She’s studying even more now. Positive reinforcement Negative reinforcement Positive punishment Negative punishment

Reinforcement & punishment What behavior is changing? Reinforcement increases behavior Punishment decreases behavior Something added = positive Something subtracted = negative 3. Because Tameka earned an A in each of her classes, she doesn’t have to do her usual chore of vacuuming this month. She’s studying even more now. Positive reinforcement Negative reinforcement Positive punishment Negative punishment

Reinforcement & punishment What behavior is changing? Reinforcement increases behavior Punishment decreases behavior Something added = positive Something subtracted = negative 4. Ray came home past curfew, so he was not allowed to drive for the following week. He hasn’t missed a curfew since. Positive reinforcement Negative reinforcement Positive punishment Negative punishment

Reinforcement & punishment What behavior is changing? Reinforcement increases behavior Punishment decreases behavior Something added = positive Something subtracted = negative 4. Ray came home past curfew, so he was not allowed to drive for the following week. He hasn’t missed a curfew since. Positive reinforcement Negative reinforcement Positive punishment Negative punishment

Reinforcement & punishment handout Here are the answers for your reference:   1. Positive punishment 2. Positive reinforcement 3. Negative reinforcement 4. Negative punishment 5. Positive reinforcement 6. Negative punishment 7. Negative reinforcement 8. Positive reinforcement

Reinforcement schedules: Complete this before going on Class handout

Answers = Variable Ratio

= Variable Ratio = Fixed Ratio

= Variable Ratio = Fixed Ratio = Variable ratio

= Variable Ratio = Fixed Ratio = Variable ratio = Variable ratio

= Variable Ratio = Fixed Ratio = Variable ratio = Variable ratio = Fixed interval

= Variable Ratio = Fixed Ratio = Variable ratio = Variable ratio = Fixed interval = Fixed ratio

= Variable Ratio = Fixed Ratio = Variable ratio = Variable ratio = Fixed interval = Fixed ratio = Variable interval

= Variable Ratio = Fixed Ratio = Variable ratio = Variable ratio = Fixed interval = Fixed ratio = Variable interval = Variable interval

= Variable Ratio = Fixed Ratio = Variable ratio = Variable ratio = Fixed interval = Fixed ratio = Variable interval = Variable interval = Fixed ratio

= Variable Ratio = Fixed Ratio = Variable ratio = Variable ratio = Fixed interval = Fixed ratio = Variable interval = Variable interval = Fixed ratio = Fixed interval

A. Fixed schedule B. Variable schedule What reinforcement schedule, when stopped, will cause the behavior to continue the longest? A. Fixed schedule B. Variable schedule

A. Fixed schedule B. Variable schedule What reinforcement schedule, when stopped, will cause the behavior to continue the longest? A. Fixed schedule B. Variable schedule

Which schedule do slot machines use? What reinforcement schedule, when stopped, will cause the behavior to continue the longest? Which schedule do slot machines use? A. Fixed schedule B. Variable schedule

Which schedule do slot machines use? What reinforcement schedule, when stopped, will cause the behavior to continue the longest? Which schedule do slot machines use? A. Fixed schedule B. Variable schedule

Reinforcement & punishment What would cause reinforcements and punishments to not work? Cognitive (thought) processes – Is the reinforcement worth it? Opposing reinforcers – Do I like doing something else better? Is the punishment worse than the reward?

Jim is a forest ranger because he needs the money, whereas, Matt is a forest ranger because he wants to save the forests. Jim has what type of motivation? A. Intrinsic motivation B. Extrinsic motivation C. None of the above

Jim is a forest ranger because he needs the money, whereas, John is a forest ranger because he wants to save the forests. Jim has what type of motivation? A. Intrinsic motivation B. Extrinsic motivation C. None of the above

Jim is a forest ranger because he needs the money, whereas, Matt is a forest ranger because he wants to save the forests. Matt has what type of motivation? A. Intrinsic motivation B. Extrinsic motivation C. None of the above

Jim is a forest ranger because he needs the money, whereas, Matt is a forest ranger because he wants to save the forests. Matt has what type of motivation? A. Intrinsic motivation B. Extrinsic motivation C. None of the above

Little Jimmy was bitten by a dog Little Jimmy was bitten by a dog. Now he is afraid of the little dog next door even when that dog is friendly. What happened? A. Shaping B. Positive punishment C. Classical conditioning D. None of the above

Little Jimmy was bitten by a dog Little Jimmy was bitten by a dog. Now he is afraid of the little dog next door even when that dog is friendly. What happened? A. Shaping B. Positive punishment C. Classical conditioning D. None of the above - Generalization

When potty training little Jonny, his Mother praise him when he went into the bathroom. Then only praised him when he sat on the toilet, then only when he went in the toilet. What method was Mommy using? A. Secondary reinforcement B. Generalization C. Shaping D. Spontaneous recovery E. None of the above

When potty training little Jonny, his Mother praise him when he went into the bathroom. Then only praised him when he sat on the toilet, then only when he went in the toilet. What method was Mommy using? A. Secondary reinforcement B. Generalization C. Shaping D. Spontaneous recovery E. None of the above

What type of learning is shown here? A. Classical learning B. Operant learning C. Reinforcement learning D. None of the above

What type of learning is shown here? A. Classical learning B. Operant learning C. Reinforcement learning D. None of the above (Observational learning)

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