Secondary School № 30, Podolsk Moscow region 5, Yubileynaya Street. Research work: “ Podolsk hospitals in years o World War II.” The student of the 10th grade Alexandra Obrubova The teacher Postoeva I.V. Podolsk, 2013

The main aim of the work: the aim of the work, the action St. George’s ribbon is not to forget the generations who and how won the World War II. Whom we must be proud of, and who we must remember about. to learn more about Mashtakhov N.I, a man whom the street of or named after.

The problems of the research: -to study the structure of the work of the hospitals from August till December of 1941; -to learn about the fortune of the leading surgeon of SEG – 1857 N.I. Mashtakhov; -to find who lives in or town among the works of the hospital and if it is possible conversation to them;

-memorials of the relatives and eye-witnesses; The subject of the research: -the papers from the Central Archive of Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation; -memorials of the relatives and eye-witnesses; The objects of the research: -hospitals of Podolsk; -people and their relatives;

Podolsk during the first months of the war Podolsk during the first months of the war. The war changed the life in Podolsk completely. All the civil and war power in the town turned to the Defense Committee. Curfew restriction were imposed all over the town. The commandant’s office was located in the peasant’s house. (nowadays there’s a monument to V.I. Lenin on that place). The citizens of Podolsk installed antitank facilities.

The creation of the hospitals in Podolsk. In July, 1941, Podolsk town committee party with leader Filipp Ivanovich Ivanov, the first Secretary of the party, decided to build some military hospitals on his own means. Among them the Hospitals № 1537, 1861, 2938, 2939,2940, which were situated in the buildings of the schools № 3,5,16,15 and the Cultural Centre.

For permanent military hospitals worked in Podolsk from the beginning of the war up to its very ending. A lot of other hospitals were situated on the territory of the town. They were: 1. Field movable hospitals № 112,464,497,652,669. 2. Sorting and casualty – clearing hospitals № 1537,2939,2938,2940. 3. Field surgical hospitals № 4837,4838. 4. Field therapeutic movable hospital № 1814,2266,2267. 5. Field infectious movable hospital №4251.

The doctors of Podolsk are great organizers of the town hospitals The doctors of Podolsk are great organizers of the town hospitals. The citizens of Podolsk took an active part in the arrangement of the hospitals. The doctor of Podolsk N.I. Mashtakov, V. S. Pospeov, K.G. Podshibyakin, V.S. Savelyeva and V.N. Blinov spared neither strength nor resources on treating wounded soldiers arriving from the Western battle-front. The was no conception of the 24 hours day and night for the officials of the hospitals. The worked for 15- 18 hours at the operation tables without having any.

Sanitary Base Hospital – 1857: Days and Nights. During severe October days, when the front came to Podolsk, all the hospitals were led to Moscow and combined into one sanitary base hospital - SEG – 1857. There were five surgical, one therapeutic, a sorting and an evacuation departments. The Hospital nurses: Vera Shmelyeva, Vera Filina, Anya Erzunova, Marina Mashtakova.

There were a lot of different types of hospitals in Podolsk There were a lot of different types of hospitals in Podolsk. The biggest one in the history of hospitals was Sanitary Base Hospital № 1857. It was formed by live hospitals in №3,5,6,15 schools and in the club by Lepse.

The leading surgery was N. I. Mashtakov a well-know citizen of Podolsk The leading surgery was N.I. Mashtakov a well-know citizen of Podolsk. His daughter Marina Mashtakova worked there too. She was a graduate of the Moscow Chemistry Technical university. The leading surgery of the hospital № 1857 Mashtakov with his daughter Marina.

The work of the nurses of the Sanitary Base Hospital those days The work of the nurses of the Sanitary Base Hospital those days. The hospital was out of blood the nurse Zinaida Denisova was the founder of the movement blood donors. Vera Tregubova led the organization which helps wounded soldiers. As a result the hospital became a part of the 2nd Belorussia front ( commander -in – chiaf K.K. Rokossovskiy.)

The main date of the Base Hospital. 20.07.1941. was opened in Podolsk. At the end of October, 1941, ( the 5 hospitals – 1537, 1861,2939, 2940 were combined in one SEG -1857 for 1500 beds in Moscow.) In February, 1943 - SEG -1857 was located in several schools in Kaluga. In October, 1943 – it was situated not far from Roslavl. In September, 1944 - in the village of Kozlovka the hospital moved to the village of Hirosh near the town of Belostok, on the territory of Poland. In the middle of December, 1944 the hospital work Lohov (near Warsaw, Poland) In April, 1945, - SEG moved Torun (Poland.)

During the years of war SEG -1857 treated 140 thousand wounded soldiers. The medical staff of the hospital met the great victory in World War II in Torun, Poland. The conference of surgeons of the second Belorussia front had happened in August, 1945, on the base of the hospital. The Marshal of the USSR thanked the medical staff for their great hard work.

The main surgeon of SEG – 1857. N. I. Mashtakov. The main surgeon of SEG – 1857. Nikolay Ivanovich Mashtakov was born in Moscow in 1989. He graduated the medical faculty of the Moscow University. From 1942 he worked in Podolsk hospital. He worked as a registrar of the surgery department. Then front 1935 he worked as a governor of that department. In 1937 he became the chief doctor of the hospital.

In the World War II he worked as a leading surgery of SEG – 1857 front 1941 to 1943. In December, 1943, he was demobilized front, the Army because of his illness . After his returning from the fields of war he became the head of the surgery department and worked in oncological department of department of the central hospital.

On meeting Lyudmila Mashtacova. From the memoirs of L. Mashtakova. Nikolay Ivanovich was a very talented person. He was good at playing the piano and drawing. He could play by ear very complicated pieces of music. That influenced his doctor’s practice. He was a real doctor born and was good at all spheres of medicine. He was very nice to his patients and when one of them began to recover Nikolay Ivanovich brought him something tasty as soon as he had such opportunity. There are a lot of pictures by N. I. Mashtakov in the flat of Lyudmila Mashtakova.

From the memoirs of L. Mashtakova From the memoirs of L. Mashtakova. This person can be endlessly spoken about and only good things. Great-grandson of Nikolay Ivanovich Georgiy followed his grandfather’s foot steps and became a doctor of oncological sphere. The son of Georgiy Nicolayevich now is the pupil of the sixth grade. Recently he has taken the first place in the competition in writing the composition “ My family genealogy free”. Semyon wants to devote himself to medicine.

The Conclusion. According to the results of my research I can tell the following: 1. Podolsk was the centre of medical service for the soldiers of the Field Forces. 2.The largest in the history of hospitals in the town of Podolsk was evacuation hospital № 1857 which was formed of the small hospitals situated on the territories of the schools № 3,5, 6 and 15 and in the club named by Lepse. 3. N. I. Mashtacov was the chief surgeon of the military hospital. He was the example for other people as a person of special character and love to people.

Thank you for your attention!