Arizona State University CHINA THE ELECTRIC CAR RACE TO THE FINISHLINE CURT TRUMAN B.S., M.P.A., MSUS Arizona State University

Urbanization and Migration Over 70 percent of Chinese are expected to be living in cities by 2050, compared to less than half in 2005. advantages.

Shanghai, China: Current population, 24,000,000 people

RESEARCH QUESTIONS: 1. Who will implement the Electric Vehicle Infrastructure in China? The Debate: Private vs Public Development? 2. Can The Chinese Government build the first Electric Vehicle Infrastructure - Restricting foreign EV Makers? 3. Are Public/Private Incentives enough to kick-start the Electric Vehicle industry Shanghai and China?

RELEVANCE OF THE RESEARCH This is new cutting-edge research. The EV infrastructure is new to CHINA and evolving everyday. The environmental impacts are huge. The social and health impacts are huge. The reduction of air pollution. Reduction on the dependency of petroleum. Move toward zero tail-pipe emissions. Set the world stage for the new and innovative EV Charging Station infrastructure. McKinsey and Company states: “at the current growth rate, over 270 million vehicles will be added to China’s roads by 2030. This would require an extra 6.2 billion barrels of oil a year – compared to current day usage of 2.7 billion barrels. “

HOW TO MEASURE THE ELECTRIC VEHICLE MARKET Indicators would include: Number of EV manufacturers currently in the market Number of sales Location of sales Number of Private Companies building Charging Stations The number of Stations and charging poles Number of government incentives offered and to whom Number of licenses/registrations offered Type of incentives offered by Private Companies to attract Buyers Type of incentives offered by Government agencies to attract Inventors

TOP ELECTRIC VEHICLE MAKERS & MODELS IN CHINA 2015 Sales of the top-five EV-makers in H1 2015 (not including buses and trucks): 1. BYD 19,789 2. Zotye 9,260 3. BAIC EV 5,892 4. Chery 5,337 5. SAIC 3,461 Sales of the top-ten best-selling EV models in H1 2015 are: 1. BYD Qin (plug-in hybrid) 16,477 2. BAIC EV 150/160/200 (E Series, pure-electric) 5,803 3. Zotye E20 (Zhidou E20, pure-electric) 4,913 4. Zotye Cloud 100 (pure-electric) 4,347 5. SAIC Roewe 550 Plug-in (plug-in hybrid) 3,321 6. Chery QQ EV (QQ3 EV, pure-electric) 3,208 7. BYD e6 (pure-electric) 2,900 8. JAC iEV (pure-electric) 2,591 9. Geely-Kandi Panda (pure-electric) 2,547 10. Chery eQ (pure-electric) 2,129 Source: © 2015 ChinaAutoWeb Chinese EV Sales Ranking in the First Half of 2015

CHINA’s eutershttp://www. reuters BYD keeps improving its plug-in electric cars sales in China, nearly touching the 6,000 mark for the very first time in October. In total, we found 5,913 sales – nearly three times more than the 1,901 sold one year ago Source: Mark Kane, http://insideevs.com/byd-sold-nearly-6000-plug-in-electric-cars-in-china-in-october/

Source: PEV Registrations China" by Mariordo (Mario Roberto Durán Ortiz) - Licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0 via Commons -https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:PEV_Registrations_China_from_2011.png#/media/File:PEV_Registrations_China_from_2011.png

PARTNERSHIPS: HOW TO BUILD THE NETWORK Tesla chief Elon Musk of Tesla Partnered with Chinese power company Hanenergy to start building supercharger stations in Beijing and Shanghai. Beijing has started construction of the country's largest solar charging station. Beijing has put 15 million yuan (US$2.36 million) toward building the complex, which is expected to be operational by the end of the year. The complex, located at Shijingshan District, is a joint venture between Shougang Corporation, one of China's largest steel companies, and Tellus Power, which manufactures electric vehicle charging stations. Support for domestic vehicles leaves companies like Tesla out of the picture. Source: http://mashable.com/people/victoria-ho/China starts building its largest electric car solar charging complex

China Plans Charging Stations for 5 Million Plug-in Cars by 2020 Bloomberg News  October 8, 2015 — 8:01 PM MST Share on FacebookShare on Twitter   China will add to subsidies aimed at speeding up the building of electric car recharging stations, targeting enough infrastructure to handle 5 million plug-in vehicles by 2020. Aid for charging facilities will be expanded and local governments will be asked to disclose their favorable policies and incentive offers, the State Council said in guidelines posted on its website, without elaborating on specifics. Newly-built residential buildings should all have charging facilities or set aside space for them, the cabinet said. The support measures follow Vice Premier Ma Kai pressing local governments to speed up charging infrastructure he said in May was a bottleneck hampering development of the industry. China has made the development of electric cars a strategic initiative as part of broader plans to lead in the automotive technology, curb pollution and reduce dependence on imported oil. Electric-car purchases have lagged behind government targets despite subsidies doled out to both automakers and consumers in part due to concerns about the lack of access to charging facilities China will unify charging standards, expand public charging facilities from urban areas to suburbs and encourage fuel stations to install chargers, the cabinet said. Government agencies should plan charging facilities on their own parking lots, according to the guidelines. Source: http://www.bloomberg.com/

“Forty-eight major Chinese cities are planning ambitious expansion plans to increase the total number of electric vehicle charging stations to 1,549, and the number of charging poles to 238,559 by 2015,” according to an article in China Money Network last month. “That compares with a total of 307 charging stations and 16,947 charging poles in these 48 cities as of October 2013. Source: http://www.abb-conversations.com/2014/06/electric-vehicles-and-electric-vehicle-charging-stations-growing-fast-in-china

Auto Latest Auto News China to build 12,000 charging stations to meet needs of 5 million electric vehicles by 2020 IANS   |   Bejing, October 13, 2015 | UPDATED 17:51 IST The move is the latest effort by the government in the new energy vehicle sector, which has grown steadily in the past two years due to subsidies and tax cuts. To finance the project, the government will encourage private investment, allow charger manufacturers to issue corporate bonds, and seek investment from pension funds

The Shanghai-Beijing project was completed in January this year, which saw China line the 1,260 km (783 mile) route between Beijing and Shanghai with 50 fast-charging stations.

GOVERNMENT INCENTIVES TO BUILD CHINA’S ELECTRIC VEHICLE CHARING STATIONS PRIVATE INCENTIVES: Lower cost for acquiring the land Subsidize 30% the cost to build Charging Station Consumer-focused subsides Direct government grants towards research and development Private companies are being offered Prime Charging Station locations PUBLIC INCENTIVES: Use of Public building Parking

EMERGING TRENDS PUBLIC PRIVATE Chinese Government Auto Makers No Charging Infrastructure Slow Sale/Mkt Share Marco/Micro Gov't Levels Parking Charging Mass Transit Consumer Confidence Gov't Incentives Discounted Registration Buyer Discounts Market share 98% open Government Incentives Waive Development fees Tax Breaks Purchase Subsidies Government Purchases Use Public Bldgs / Charging $ for Building Charging Stations $ for Parking Garages Standardization Charging Stations Macro/Mico Gov't Levels EMERGING TRENDS 18

RESEARCH CONCLUSIONS EV Market in China From Private and Public perspective MARKET SHARE BUYER INCENTIVES SELLER CONCESSIONS GOVERNMENT SUBSIDIES GOVERNMENT POLICY FOR DEVELOPMENT MACRO / MICRO GOVERNANCE STANDARDIZATION - COUNTRYWIDE PRODUCT DESIGN & SALES CHARGING STATION INCENTIVES CHARGING STATION INFRASTRUCTURE CONSUMER ATTITUDES ON PURCHASES PARKING CONSTRUCTION 19

CONCLUSION: HOW TO GET THERE China will add to subsidies aimed at speeding up the building of electric car 5 million plug-in vehicles by 2020 Charging facilities will be expanded and local governments will be asked to disclose their favorable policies and incentive offers Newly-built residential buildings should all have charging facilities Pressing local governments to speed up charging infrastructure China has made EV a strategic initiative lead automotive technology, curb pollution and reduce dependence on imported oil Purchases have lagged behind despite subsidies both automakers and consumers Lack of access to charging facilities - China will unify charging standards Expand public charging facilities - urban areas to suburbs, encourage fuel stations to install chargers, Government agencies should plan charging facilities on their own parking lots.