Chapter 4: The Nile Valley Page 132: Nubia and Kush Chapter 4: The Nile Valley

Standards 6.2.spi.2. identify major trade routes (i.e., silk roads, Persian trade routes, African trade routes, Mediterranean trade routes, ocean routes). 6.5.spi.3. identify types of artifacts by pictorial representation (i.e., Egyptian, Roman, Greek, Chinese, Native American, Medieval, and Renaissance). 6.5.spi.4. recognize the forms of early world writing (i.e., cuneiform and Egyptian/Native American Hieroglyphics).

Essential Question: How did the people of Nubia and the people of Ancient Egypt influence each other?

Ceramic: baked clay pottery. Vocabulary Ceramic: baked clay pottery. Trade routes: the waterways, paths, and trails that traders used to move goods for exchange from one place to another.

Mineral: natural resource found in rocks. Vocabulary Mineral: natural resource found in rocks. Obelisk: a tall, slender stone pillar with four sides and a pointed top.

Obelisk

Nubian culture began as early as the 7000s B.C. Early people in Nubia Nubian culture began as early as the 7000s B.C. Northern part of what is now the Sudan

Where was it? Look at map on Page 133 (NOW)

Among the 1st to make ceramic (baked clay) pottery Early people in Nubia Among the 1st to make ceramic (baked clay) pottery Used as trade items Also traded goods from places in central & southern Africa

Location b/t Egypt & central Africa made it an ideal trading center. Early people in Nubia Location b/t Egypt & central Africa made it an ideal trading center. Leopard skins, ostrich eggs, bird feathers, ivory tusks & horns, spices, gold, & ebony wood

Ebony: A dense, dark colored wood

Egypt also took over Nubia’s natural resources. Early people in Nubia Egypt also took over Nubia’s natural resources. Gold & other minerals. Granite: Egyptians took from Nubia & used for buildings & obelisks.

Traded peacefully with Egypt at 1st. Early people in Nubia Traded peacefully with Egypt at 1st. Then Egypt took over their trade routes. By a/b 2600 B.C. Egypt had brought Nubian trade under its control.

After 2000 B.C. Egypt annexed northern Nubia (called it Wawat). Early people in Nubia After 2000 B.C. Egypt annexed northern Nubia (called it Wawat). Built forts Mined gold for themselves

Remaining Nubians fled south Formed kingdom of Kush Early people in Nubia Remaining Nubians fled south Formed kingdom of Kush Capital at Kerma, which became the center of the Kushite civilization.

Nubians

Nubian Pyramids

What were some of Nubia’s natural resources? Question: What were some of Nubia’s natural resources? Gold, minerals, waterways, farmland

Essential Question: How did the people of Nubia and the people of Ancient Egypt influence each other? Through trade and conquest, Nubia and Egypt shared in each other’s cultures