Internet & World Wide Web

Two or more computers that are connected and share data and programs Computer Network Two or more computers that are connected and share data and programs SETI LAN: Local Area Network WAN: Wide Area Network

Client-Server Network A computing or networking distributed application architecture that a client makes requests to a server and the server fulfills them

P2P: Peer-to-Peer Network A computing or networking distributed application architecture that partitions tasks or workloads among peers No central server For certain requests any peer can function as a client or as a server The information is not located in a central location but is distributed among all peers A peer may need to communicate with multiple peers to locate a piece of information As more peers are added, both demand and capacity of the network increases

P2P example

Internet Basics (Cyberspace) Internet is a collection of - privately & publicly owned - local, regional, national and international computer networks that are linked together to exchange data and distribute processing tasks.

ARPANET ARPA: Advanced Research Projects Agency (US Department of Defense) Connected computers at different universities and defense contractors to create a network that could survive a nuclear attack or natural disasters

Internet Terminology Internet Backbone: defines main Internet routes Constructed and maintained by major telecommunications companies - NSPs (network service providers) TCP/IP: Transmission Control Protocol/ Internet Protocol

Internet Resources Internet Telephony - VoIP IM: Instant Messaging Chat (IRC) / Video Conferences E-commerce P2P Data Transfer Services Web site E-mail Internet Radio Download & Upload IRC: Internet Relay Chat

Internet Terminology Server/server software: a computer that makes resources available to the network Client: computer that requests services from a server IP Address: unique number for each Internet computer

Internet Service Provider (ISP) Provides internet access to businesses, organizations and individuals Provides telecommunications equipment User ID and password required Connects you to backbone Email account monthly fee

E-mail Basics Account = Mailbox Message Attachment Netiquette userid@computer

E-mail Terms To CC BCC Reply Reply All Gloria Allred

Netiquette

World Wide Web Basics Files interconnected via hypertext The Web uses the Internet to transport the files Web pages make up a web site Home Page Links or hyperlinks Web servers

W3C World Wide Web Consortium Issue standards related to all aspects of the Web

World Wide Web Basics URL (Uniform Resource Locator) No spaces and Case sensitive HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol) – communications standard HTML (Hypertext Markup Language) .htm or .html file extension Document name and filename extension Folder name Web server protocol standard http://www.cnn.com/showbiz/movies.htm

Web browsers A program on your computer that displays a Web document by interpreting the HTML or XHTML format Processes users requests

Using Browsers Can type URLs HTML tags tell browser how to display web page data Back, forward and stop buttons Setting a home page Print options History list Favorites and bookmarks Edit and Find Infoweb: browser Addons & Plugins: Addons are custom software modifications. User optionally install addons to improve the power of their Web browsers or office software. Examples include: a custom eBay toolbar for your Firefox browser, a new search feature for your Outlook email. Most addons are free, and can be found and downloaded from the Web. Plugins are a special kind of web browser addon. Plugins are essentially required addons, if you wish to view very specialized web pages.  Examples include: Adobe Flash or Shockwave player, Microsoft Silverlight player, Adobe Acrobat pdf reader

Using the Web Uploading: transfer files from your computer to another computer Downloading: transfer files from another computer to your computer

Cookies Cookies are files created by websites you've visited to store browsing information, such as your site preferences or profile information. It's important to be aware of your cookie settings because cookies can allow sites to track your navigation during your visit to those sites

Incognito Stealth Mode Any webpages that you open and files downloaded while you are in incognito mode won’t be recorded in your browsing and download histories. All new cookies will be deleted after you close the incognito windows.  InPrivate Browsing, Private Browsing

Web Filters usually associated with Firewalls; it allows Web browsers to display information from trusted sites and blocks information from un-trusted sites

Personalization Personas / Skins / Themes Firefox – Add-Ons Ways to personalize your browser’s appearance Firefox – Add-Ons Speed Dials

Gadgets & Widgets Gadgets Widget Apps for displaying content Adds personalization Gadgets Works specifically for just that website or your desktop Widget Works on any website that lets you add an HTML block

Portals Gateways that provide a conveniently organized subject guide to Internet content MSN, AOL, Yahoo!

Search Engines Search engines are programs that search documents for specified keywords and returns a list of the documents where the keywords were found Maintain databases of the Web pages they’ve indexed Spiders / Crawlers / Web-bots / Knowledge-bots

Search Engines

Specialized Engines

Ways to Search Search Operators: + Inclusion operator Retrieve pages that contain the specified word - Exclusion operator Exclude the term Wildcards: symbols (* and ?) that take place of characters “” Quotation marks Web pages that contain the extact phrase

Ways to Search Boolean Operators AND OR NOT Contain all the terms, regardless of the order OR Contain either or both of the terms listed NOT Excludes the term