Life Science Vertebrate and Invertebrate http://animals.pppst.com/vertebrates.html Vascular and Nonvascular Plants Inherited Traits

Vertebrates- Have a backbone 5 types of Vertebrates Mammals Birds Reptiles Fish Amphibians

Mammals Have hair or fur , produce milk for their young, warm- blooded, breathe with lungs Examples: Whales, bears, cats, dogs, and humans

Birds Lay eggs, have wings, warm blooded, feather cover their skin, most fly, breathe with lungs

Reptiles Cold blooded, scales or plates on their skin, lay eggs on land, have lungs for breathing air Examples: snakes lizards, alligators, turtles, and crocodiles. crocodiles.

Fish Live in the water, Cold-blooded, breathe with gills, scaly skin, lay eggs Examples: tuna, trout, carp, and catfish.

Amphibians Cold-blooded, Spend part of their lives on land and part in the water, young amphibians live underwater with gills, and as adults they live on land and develop lungs, have smooth, moist skin, lay eggs. Examples: frogs, toads, newts, and salamanders

Invertebrates- no backbone Some have hard shells to protect them, others do not. Ex: spiders, lobsters, grasshoppers, squid, crabs, & clams

Vascular Plants They have tubes that carry water and nutrients from the roots to the leaves. They have veins They are usually tall Trees, grasses, and most garden plants are all vascular.

Vascular Plants

Seed-Producing Vascular Plants Angiosperm Angiosperms have flowers that produce seeds to attract pollinators and produce seeds Gymnosperm Gymnosperms have naked seeds in cones

Angiosperm

Gymnosperm

Nonvascular Plants Soak up/absorb water from the soil, like sponges. They don’t have tubes They don’t have stems They don’t have true roots They don’t have leaves, just leaf-like structures They are smaller than vascular plants (They are low to the ground, so that most of the plant touches soil to absorb water.)

Nonvascular Plants

Inherited Traits & Learned Behavior Genes passed from your parents to their offspring ½ from mother, ½ from father. Dominate gene or recessive gene Both physical features and behaviors are inherited. Physical Ex: puppy inherits 4 legs Behavior Ex: rolling of the tongue. Learned Behavior A skill that an animal develops after it is born. Genes do not control learned behavior. Humans and Animals learn from adults and experiences.

Inherited Traits *Ability to roll your tongue or not * Attached or unattached earlobes * Dimples or freckles * Naturally curly or straight hair * Hitchhiker’s or straight thumb *Color-blindness or normal color vision * Widow’s peak or straight hairline * Color of skin and hair * Cleft or smooth chin

Learned Behavior A mother bear may show her cubs how to fish or find berries for food. A bird may teach its babies how to fly. A young horse may learn to stay away from an electric fence after the horse gets shocked. A pet can learn that food appears in its bowl after it hears the sound of a can opener or a bag rattle. Young chimpanzees learn from adults to use sticks as tools for getting food. You were born knowing how to use your voice, but you were not born knowing how to speak a language.

Examples of Learned Behaviors

Quiz Time Which of these animals is a vertebrate? Spider Snail Worm Cat Group A: Frog, Salamander, Newt Group B: Turtle, Snake, Lizard How are these animals classified? As vertebrates & invertebrates As mammals and reptiles As amphibians and reptiles As reptiles and fish

Some but not all invertebrates Have backbones Have shells Have no backbone Can make their own food An animal has fur and feeds milk to its young. How should the animal be classified? As an invertebrate As an amphibian As a mammal As a reptile

Why do nonvascular plants grow close to the ground? Which way do scientist classify plants? a. By whether they have a cell wall b. By how they get their energy c. By whether they have a nucleus d. By how they reproduce & their plant parts Why do nonvascular plants grow close to the ground? To get less sunlight For protection For space To absorb water

Which of these is a learned behavior? Which of these is an inherited trait? A broken wing Knowing where to find a bird’s feeder A scar The shape of a bird’s beak Which of these is a learned behavior? Having long eyelashes Speaking Spanish Laughing Having blue eyes

Inherited traits are not passed on to offspring. Which sentence is TRUE? Inherited traits are not passed on to offspring. Inherited traits are controlled by genes. Behaviors are never inherited. Behaviors are always inherited. Where do organism’s genes come from? Only from its mother Only from its father Mostly from its mother but partly from its father Half from its mother and half from its father.