Topic 2 – Cognitive Psychology Lesson nine – Classic Study Baddeley (1966b)

Recap What is reconstructive memory? Define the word schema. What are the three levels of distortion that provided an explanation for the mistakes made during the WOTG study? Provide one strength of reconstructive memory Provide one weakness of reconstructive memory

LO: Describe and evaluate the classic study

What is acoustic similarity? What is semantic similarity?

Acoustically Similar

Semantically Similar

Semantically dissimilar

Acoustically dissimilar

AIM

Class experiment… I am going to show you a list of ten words. When I ask you to recall you must recall them in the correct order. Ready? Miss Guy

Class experiment… Man Can Cat Map Mad Pan Lad Pat Sat Pad List A:

Recall

Pit Few Cow Mat Act Pig Fry Lay Pip Rot List B:

Great Big Wide Broad Bulky Huge Hefty Weighty Large Fat List C:

Good Bottle Huge Deep Late Pretty Pencil Okay Chair Toilet List D:

These words are acoustically similar. Going back… Man Can Cat Map Mad Pan Lad Pat Sat Pad List A: These words are acoustically similar.

These words are acoustically dissimilar. Going back… Pit Few Cow Mat Act Pig Fry Lay Pip Rot List B: What do you notice? These words are acoustically dissimilar.

These words are semantically similar. Going back… Great Big Wide Broad Bulky Huge Hefty Weighty Large Fat List C What do you notice? These words are semantically similar.

These words are semantically dissimilar. Going back… List D Good Bottle Huge Deep Late Pretty Pencil Okay Chair Toilet What do you notice? These words are semantically dissimilar. Miss Guy

What do your findings suggest?

Why was an interference task used? Blocking STM affects learning and recall also affects re-test after 15 minutes (encoding into LTM).

Differences between class task and original study – make a list

What do these results mean? In pairs, discuss. Findings… When participants were recalling from LTM, recall was much worse for semantically similar words than for semantically dissimilar words Recall from LTM was the same for acoustically similar and acoustically dissimilar words Words with similar sounds were much harder to recall using STM than words with dissimilar sounds Similarity of meaning had only a very slight detrimental effect on STM What do these results mean? In pairs, discuss. Miss Guy

Experiment 3: results Acoustically similar list: no significant differences. Semantically similar list: control list significantly better recall.

Experiment 3: conclusion Learning of word sequences impaired by semantic similarity LTM based on semantic encoding Transferral to the LTM involves an intermediate stage where material is in STM. This was shown by greater difficulty in learning list in Expt 3 when STM is minimised. Previous studies suggest STM based on acoustic encoding LTM and STM affected differently by different types of coding Overall conclusion, LTM is different from STM

Discussion We can see that the LTM encodes semantically. As the pps in experiment 3 struggled to maintain the semantically similar list of words in their LTM (maximum percentage of words correct 58% compared to the control list 90%). This was also compared to the acoustically similar words, which pps managed to successfully recall from LTM (max 82%)

Design What is the design used in this experiment? Independent groups – Different people had different lists to remember. Scores on the four lists were compared Repeated measures –Scores from the test compared to their re-test scores. Scores being compared were from the same participants (original and re-test).

How did Baddeley analyse his results? Using the document on the learner space (Identifying statistical tests) identify which test Baddeley used Explain why Exam question: Using one of the studies you have covered in cognitive psychology, explain one way the results were analysed (3 marks) Identify the test Type of data – examples Design Significance of results (P<0.05)

Baddeley (1966b) Classic Study In pairs, brainstorm evaluation points Baddeley (1966b) Classic Study

Evaluate Baddeley’s (1966) study (8 marks) Identify the strongest evaluation point and the order you are going to use 10 minutes – to complete 4 marks AO1 4 marks A03 – 3 evaluation points using GRAVE and PEC

Test yourself Quiz on Baddeley (1966b) https://quizlet.com/34293487/as-psychology-baddeley-experiment-1966-flash-cards/