By: Ethan, Tali, Elana, and Steven Participles By: Ethan, Tali, Elana, and Steven

The sliding cat crashed into the cans.

What is a participle? A participle is a form of a verb that functions as an adjective. A participle ends in –ing or –ed (some irregularly formed…known) A Participle Modifies nouns and pronouns. Ex. The petite youngster consumed a crumbling kugle piece. Crumbling is the participle because it is a verb describing a noun- kugle.

What Does a Participle Look Like? EX: Leaping the fence, the cat surprised me. Leaping looks like a verb, but it really describes the cat. Surprised is the verb. EX: Defeated teams should congratulate the winners. Defeated looks like a verb, but it is an adjective that describes teams.

Types of participles There are two kinds of participles: present participles and past participles. Present participles end in -ing Ex. leaping, blazing, withering Past participles end in: -ed, -t, or –en Ex. Pumped, burnt, broken

Huh? DON’T CONFUSE PARTICIPLES AND VERBS! Participles AREN’T preceded by helping verbs. Ex. The sputtering sedan wrenched down the boulevard. (participle) The sedan was sputtering down the boulevard. (verb)

Your Turn To Identify Participles- A peeled and sliced cucumber needs to be added to the salad. Look for –ing and –ed words Decide if the words act as adjectives or verbs Those acting as adjectives are participles

Your Turn To Identify Participles- A peeled and sliced cucumber needs to be added to the salad. Peeled describes cucumber…adjective, thus a participle Sliced describes cucumber…adjective, thus a participle Needs is the action of the sentence…verb

The girl, eating the chocolate buttery croissant, got a stomach ache. My tummy hurts!

Participle Phrases Participle phrases consist of a participle and its related words and also contains other related words…prepositional phrase, nouns, pronouns, adjectives, adverbs Ex. The girl, eating the chocolate buttery croissant, got a stomach ache. The participle phrase (red) is describing the noun or pronoun. (underlined)

What Does a Participial Phrase Look Like? Outwitting the hounds, the raccoons easily escaped. Outwitting is the participle…describes raccoons The hounds relates to outwitting…tells what was outwitted Outwitting the hounds is the participial phrase It tells more information about the raccoons

What Does a Participial Phrase Look Like? I saw her fishing contentedly. Fishing is the participle…describes her Contentedly is related to fishing…describes how she was fishing Fishing contentedly is the participle phrase

Your Turn To Identify Participial Phrases- Tackled on the one-yard line, Sam fumbled the ball. Look for –ing and –ed words Decide if the words act as adjectives or verbs Those acting as adjectives are participles and begin the participial phrase Identify the related words which make up the phrase

Your Turn To Identify Participial Phrases- Tackled on the one-yard line, Sam fumbled the ball. Tackled describes what happened to Sam…adjective, thus participle On the one-yard line is related to tackled… tells where Sam was tackled Fumbled tells what Sam did…verb

Across 1. My sister, eating her breakfast, talked with her mouth full. 5. The running boy tripped and fell. Down 2. The talking girl would not stop talking. 3. Flying cats ruled the ancient city. 4. Harry, the jumping bunny, jumped all the way home! Find the participles in the sentences and fill them in the correct blanks

Participial Phrases and Commas- Sentences which begin with a participial phrase always have a comma at the end of the participial phrase Wildly cheering for the team, we celebrated the victory.

So, What’s a dangling participle? A dangling participle does not describe the subject of the sentence. For example: DANGLING: Thrown into the air, the dog chased after the stick. CORRECT: Thrown into the air, the stick flew away from the dog. As the first sentence is written, it says that the dog, not the stick, was thrown into the air. Since the phrase does not describe the subject it is a dangling participial phrase.

More Examples DANGLING: Driving home in the storm, a branch nearly fell on my car. CORRECT: Driving home in the storm, I watched as a branch nearly fell on my car. DANGLING: Watching the play, the actors enthralled the audience. CORRECT: Watching the play, the audience was enthralled by the actors.

A Helpful Hint When you use a present participle, the subject of the sentence should be doing the action described in the participial phrase. When you write a past participle, the subject of the sentence should receive the action of the participle.

FIND THE PARTICIPIAL PHRASES IN THESE CORRECT SENTENCES. Flying from flower to flower, the bee made its way through the field. Shown in theatres everywhere, the movie set a new box office record. Painting a picture, the artist lost track of time. Left home alone by his parents, Johnny stayed up later than usual.

FIGURE OUT HOW TO CORRECT THESE SENTENCES WITH DANGLING PARTICIPIAL PHRASES Surrounded by Secret Service, the crowd could barely see the President. Walking along the beach, the waves crashed at my feet. Catching the ball, the last out caused a celebration. Dropped from the table, the chair stopped the fork from hitting the floor.