Understanding Verb Tense Present – Past – Future Present Perfect Past Perfect Future Perfect

What are the verb tenses? Verbs do a lot of work in sentences. They show actions and states of being. They even take different forms to show time. flies flew will fly

PAST – PRESENT - FUTURE Past Tense Present Tense Future Tense Shows action happening NOW Mary is reading the book. Present Tense Shows action that has already happened Mary read the book. Future Tense Shows action that will happen in the future Mary will read the book tomorrow.

Verb Tenses: Present, Past, and Future PRACTICE Complete worksheet page 8: Verb Tenses: Present, Past, and Future

What about PERFECT tense? The tense of a verb indicates the time of the action or state of being expressed by the verb. Perfect tenses indicate that something happened or existed before a specific point in time. Past Present Future Past Future Present Past Perfect Present Perfect Future Perfect She will have played in ten concerts by April. She has played in the band for three years. Gwen will play in a concert tomorrow. She had played violin before then. Gwen plays guitar in a jazz band. Gwen played last year as well.

Each tense has a progressive form, which is used to express continuing action or state of being. Present progressive am, are, is talking Past progressive was, were talking Future progressive will (shall) be talking Present perfect progressive has, have been talking Past perfect progressive had been talking Future perfect progressive will (shall) have been talking

Present vs. Present Perfect The present tense expresses an action or a state of being that is occurring now, at the present time. Today we honor our veterans. Polly is marching in the parade. (Progressive form)

The present perfect tense expresses an action or a state of being that occurred at an indefinite time in the past is usually formed using the helping verb have or has Mike has been in several parades. He has played the drum in all of them.

Present and present perfect The present perfect tense is also used to express an action or state of being that began in the past and continues into the present. In this case, perfect means complete. Mr. Lee has taught music at our school since 2004. (Progressive form) Yoko has been taking flute lessons for six years.

Past vs. Past Perfect The past tense expresses an action that occurred in the past but does not continue into the present. The two friends shared the large swing. They were swinging for a long time. (Progressive form)

is usually formed using had plus the past participle The past perfect tense expresses an action or that happened before another past action occurred is usually formed using had plus the past participle After Maria had gone home, Kim was bored. She asked her dad about the time that he had been a lifeguard at the beach.

Future vs. Future Perfect The future tense expresses an action that will occur in the future is usually formed using will or shall plus the base form My family will ride the train to Chicago. We will be arriving at five o’clock. (Progressive form)

The future perfect tense expresses an action that will end before another future action or state of being is usually formed using will have or shall have plus the past participle By the time you receive this letter, she will have returned home. After this trip, he will have been to Chicago three times.

Verb Tenses: Present Perfect, Past Perfect, and Future Perfect PRACTICE Complete worksheet page 9: Verb Tenses: Present Perfect, Past Perfect, and Future Perfect

Principal Parts of Verbs The tenses of verbs are formed from the four principal parts of verbs. Present smile choose Present Participle [is] smil ing [is] choos ing Past smile d cho se Past Participle [have] smile d [have] cho sen

Principal Parts of Verbs PRACTICE Complete worksheet page 11: Principal Parts of Verbs

Do you have the hang of it yet? On Your Own Change the tense of the verb in each sentence, as indicated in parentheses. 1. I do not miss the bus. (Change to future.) 2. Were they at the party? (Change to past perfect.) 3. By then, Keith had returned. (Change to future perfect.) 4. The team will practice for an hour with no break. (Change to future perfect progressive.) 5. My sister dances well. (Change to past.) [End of Section]

Answers Change the tense of the verb in each sentence, as indicated in parentheses. 1. I do not miss the bus. (Change to future.) 2. Were they at the party? (Change to past perfect.) 3. By then, Keith had returned. (Change to future perfect.) 4. The team will practice for an hour with no break. (Change to future perfect progressive.) 5. My sister dances well. (Change to past.) 1. I will not miss the bus. 2. Had they been at the party? 3. By then, Keith will have returned. 4. The team will have been practicing for an hour with no break. 5. My sister danced well.

Irregular Verbs Do not end in the traditional “d” or “ed”. Irregular verbs have three parts: present past past participle begin forget go write began forgot went wrote (has, have, had) begun (has, have, had) forgotten (has, have, had) gone (has, have, had) written

PRACTICE Complete worksheet page 12: Irregular Verbs

Consistency of tense Do not change needlessly from one tense to another. To describe events that occur at the same time, use verbs in the same tense. past tense past tense Sara peeked over the fence and saw a cornfield. present tense present tense Sara peeks over the fence and sees a cornfield. 21

For events that occur at different times, use verbs of different tenses to show the sequence of events. past tense past perfect tense The pitcher wished that he had practiced more before the game. The action of wishing happened after the action of practicing was complete.

For events that occur at different times, use verbs of different tenses to show the sequence of events. past tense present tense Yesterday, Nina told us that her brother works every week at the senior center. The action of telling occurred at a specific time in the past. The action of working occurs now.

Consistency of tense Change each sentence to make the verb tense consistent. Be prepared to explain your answers. Hint: One sentence is already correct (C). 1. Kira caught the ball and throws it to first base. 2. Lily lives next door now but will soon move to another town. 3. My cousin has broken his leg, so I helped him get around.

Consistency of tense Change each sentence to make the verb tense consistent. Be prepared to explain your answers. Hint: One sentence is already correct (C). Possible Answer 1. Kira caught the ball and threw it to first base. The actions occur at the same time, so the verbs should both be in the same tense.

Consistency of tense Change each sentence to make the verb tense consistent. Be prepared to explain your answers. Hint: One sentence is already correct (C). 2. Lily lives next door now but will soon move to another town. C The action of living takes place now, but the action of moving will happen later.

Consistency of tense Change each sentence to make the verb tense consistent. Be prepared to explain your answers. Hint: One sentence is already correct (C). Possible Answer 3. My cousin had broken his leg, so I helped him get around. The action of breaking the leg happened before the action of helping.

Consistency of tense On Your Own Proofread the paragraph for unnecessary changes of verb tense. Change the verbs to make the tenses consistent. (1) I was in my room Saturday morning, planning to study for two hours. (2) To my surprise, Nancy Chang drops by. (3) She dashed into the house, runs up the stairs, and calls my name. (4) What she wanted was a fishing companion. (5) As I get my fishing gear together, I was so happy. (6) On our way to the lake, we notice some dark clouds. (7) We wished we checked the weather first. [End of Section]

Consistency of tense Possible Answers (1) I was in my room Saturday morning, planning to study for two hours. (2) To my surprise, Nancy Chang drops by. (3) She dashed into the house, runs up the stairs, and calls my name. (4) What she wanted was a fishing companion. (5) As I get my fishing gear together, I was so happy. (6) On our way to the lake, we notice some dark clouds. (7) We wished we checked the weather first. dropped ran called got noticed had

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