Demography and Developed Economies

Did industrialization mean progress? How did industrialization increase wealth? How did industrialization mean increased poverty?

Life Expectancy in England & Wales 1680-1840

What caused the industrial revolution? What is the typical explanation?

What problems does this approach have? What is the national accounts approach to understanding industrialization? What problems does this approach have?

What factors encouraged population growth during the 1700s? What is the relationship between population growth and industrialization? What factors encouraged population growth during the 1700s? What caused fertility to increase after 1740?

Population of England & Wales: 1500-1900

Was increased population a cause or an effect of industrialization? What were Malthusian checks?

What sources do these approaches rely on? What methods have been used to calculate population during the industrial revolution? What sources do these approaches rely on?

What was the connection between enclosures and the formation of an industrial work force? Why was a growing population necessary for Britain’s industrialization? What sources and methods have historians used to calculate and explain population growth in Britain during the 1700s and 1800s?

Make sense of this graph addressing Fertility from 1680 to 1820

Assessing the impact of Industrialization Economic Creation of working class – proletariat Enrichment of Bourgeoisie Increased overall wealth Increased disparity – social stratification Social Destruction of feudal relations Longer life expectancy Impact on health Cultural Eventual growth of middle class Political Growth of representative institutions, republics

How did industrialization influence the following? The economy Social relationships Cultural development Art, poetry, intellectual development Political organization Representative governments Colonization and Empire

How do we develop an objective measure of the effects of industrialization? What are the strengths and weaknesses of a statistical approach to industrialization?

What caused the industrial revolution? Technology Agricultural Enclosures, crop rotation Manufacturing Spinning jenny, Crompton’s mule Changing social relationships Increased cheap labor force Changing gender norms formation of merchant capital

Sources and Methods for Gauging population growth Parish records: baptisms Census of 1870 Methods Back projection Family reconstitution