Intercultural Communicative Competence and English as a Lingua Franca National Conference on “Teaching and Learning Civic Education through EFL in Higher Education: Case Studies” 13th and 14th November, 2016 Intercultural Communicative Competence and English as a Lingua Franca A rite-of-passage to global citizenship Boudjemaa Dendenne Nachoua Kelkoula Université of Constantine University of Oran

Global Citizenship Schattle defines global citizenship as “ways of thinking and living within multiple cross cutting communities, cities, regions, states, nations, and international collectives” (2007,p.09)

Global Citizenship develop critical thinking about complex global issues explore, develop, express your values and opinions develop listening to and respecting other people’s point of view Show how to exercise your own rights and responsibilities to others

A Global Citizen Has an understanding of how the world works. Respects and values diversity. Is outraged by social injustice. Participates and contributes in the community at a range of levels. Is willing to make the world a more equitable and sustainable place. Takes responsibility for his or her actions. Economically, polliticaly, socially, culturaly, technologically, and enviromentally.

The Significance of Global Citizenship It raises awareness of the world from a global perspective and develops a feeling of a strong connection and commitments to the world as a whole, and a sense of responsibility towards the environment.

Intercultural Communicative Competence Deardorf defines intercultural communicative competence as “the ability to develop the targeted knowledge, skills, attitudes that lead to visible behaviour and communication that are both effective and appropriate in intercultural interactions” (2006)

Intercultural Communicative Competence People are able to execute communication behavior in order to elicit a desired response in a specific environment Individuals get to negotiate cultural boundaries through their personal encounter experiences They interact with people from various origins and cultures as well as with hiterogenious groupes.

Intercultural Communicative Competence of Global Citizens Savoir comprendre, savoir apprendre, savoir être

Intercultural Communicative Competence of Global Citizens Citizens are encouraged: to build on an identity that is dynamic as it draws strenght from the diversity and pluralingualism of individuals and communities. to learn to live in a world which is linguistically, culturally and denominationally diverse to get free from their own logic and cultural idioms and get engaded with others and listen to their ideas which may involve belonging to one or more cultural system.

English as a Lingua Franca and Global Citizenship To socialise in a partical speech community, it is essential to speak the language of that community. To be a citizen of the world, it is indespensible to speak the language of the world. This is the English language, but not as it is used by native speakers; when it is used in intercultural encounters.

English as a Lingua Franca (ELF) Firth defines ELF as “a contact language between people who share neither a common native tongue or a common (national) culture, and for whom English is the chosen foreign language of communication” (1996, p. 211).

ELF and Global Identity De Costa (2016) examnines how the notion of global citizenship is constructed. A group of Asian students in singaporan “Intercultural communication as mediated through [ELF] could help produce students who are open minded and work actively to build relationships with others.” (p, 238) 

Teaching ELF Teachers should be aware of: Teaching ELF to construct and negotiate a global identity is essential. Teachers should be aware of: The researchers’ efforts in studying ELF discourse The characteristics of ELF

The “Lingua Franca” Factor Researchers attempt to provide an evidence that English when used in intercultural encounters (i.e. ELF) differs significantly from when it is used by Native-speakers. House (2009): the use of the construction you know; Seidlhofer (2009): the use of idioms; Pickering (2009): the intonation and its role in ELF discourse.

House (2009) You Know ELF Native English Interpersonal function: to engage the listener and make him/her feel a part of the conversation ELF - making more explicit the relationships expressed by but, because and and - Used as a fumble word -indicator or implicit conjunctive of coherence relations (e.g. addition)

Challenges Facing Researchers What type of population included [in an intercultural encounter]? Are English as a first/second language speakers included or only EFL speakers? What is the status of English in the countries of speakers included? (Burt, 2005, p. 5)

Characteristics of ELF/ Challenges Facing Teachers ELF interactants develop competencies to determine, for example, the appropriate grammar, phonology, pace of delivery, pragmatic conventions for local intelligibility. Competence in ELF interactions includes the mastery of strategies (e.g. the accommodation of diverse practices/meanings) rather than the mastery of standardized codes/forms. ELF cannot be described priori as a variety of English, since interactants exhibit a variability of linguistic forms for interactional needs/demands.

Characteristics of ELF/ Challenges for Teachers It is hybrid; interactants “may borrow, use and re-use each other’s language forms, create nonce words, and switch and mix languages” (Firth, 2009, p. 163). Interactants employ strategies: let it pass i.e. ‘‘the hearer lets the unknown or unclear action, word or utterance ‘pass’ on the assumption that it will either become clear or redundant as talk progresses.’’ (Firth, 1996, p. 243) and make it normal i.e. “making other’s abnormal talk appear normal through, for example, reformulations of the others opaque usage (ibid, p. 245).

Conclusion It’s high time Algerian universities developed pedagogy, for training our learners to be active citizens of the world. In such pedagogy, Intercultural Communicative Competence and EFL play a constructive role. Because “The fate of the Earth depends on cross-cultural communication.” Deborah Tannen (1986, p. 30) 

Thank You For Your Attention